食品中氯霉素检测技术研究进展

Review on Detection Methods for Chloramphenicol in Food

氯霉素是一种广谱抗生素,具有性质稳定、价格低、对多种细菌性病原体都较为敏感等特点,曾一度广泛用于畜禽养殖和水产养殖业。但由于其存在严重的不良反应,已被我国禁止在食品动物中使用。在近几年的农业农村部和各省市监测检验中,氯霉素残留超标不合格的现象时有发生,因此发展快速、高效、准确的氯霉素残留检测方法,实现对氯霉素的高效监管,对有效保障食品安全具有重要的意义。对氯霉素残留主要前处理技术和检测技术进行综述,前处理技术主要包括液液萃取法、固相萃取法;检测技术主要包括高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、气质联用法、液质联用法,传感器技术法等。其中前处理技术固相萃取法净化效果好,应用较为广泛。液质联用结合同位素内标法定量检测技术,可消除基质效应干扰,定性定量准确;新的传感材料和传感技术方法的应用,使得传感器技术方法拥有广阔的发展前景。

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,which has the characteristics of stable nature,low price and sensitivity to a variety of bacterial pathogens.It was once widely used in livestock and poultry breeding and aquaculture.However,due to its serious adverse reactions,it has been banned in food animals in China.In recent years,in the monitoring and inspection of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas and various provinces and cities,the phenomenon of chloramphenicol residue exceeding the standard and unqualified has occurred from time to time.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a rapid,efficient and accurate chloramphenicol residue detection method to realize the efficient supervision of chloramphenicol and effectively ensure food safety.In this paper,the main pretreatment and detection technologies of chloramphenicol residues are reviewed.The pretreatment technologies mainly include liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction;Detection technology mainly includes high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,GC-MS,LC-MS/MS,sensor technology,etc.The pre-treatment technology of solid-phase extraction has good purification effect and is widely used.LC-MS/MS combined with isotope internal standard method for quantitative detection technology can eliminate matrix effect interference and achieve accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis;The application of new sensing materials and sensing technology methods has made sensor technology methods have broad development prospects.