薯蓣皂苷元生物合成途径及其关键基因研究进展

Advances on diosgenin biosynthesis pathways and their key genes

薯蓣皂苷元属甾体皂苷类化合物,是薯蓣属植物中代表性的药用成分,具多重药理学活性,也是300多种甾体激素类药物的重要前体物质。本文简要概述了薯蓣皂苷元在植物中的分布,薯蓣皂苷元生物合成过程及关键酶基因角鲨烯环氧酶、环阿屯醇合酶、细胞色素P450酶和尿苷二磷酸糖基转移酶的研究进展,并解读它们参与薯蓣皂苷元合成途径的催化机制,以便为提高植物中薯蓣皂苷元含量,促进薯蓣遗传育种与栽培提供参考。

Diosgenin,a steroid saponin compound,is a representative medicinal component in Dioscorea.It plays a direct role in multiple pharmacological activities.Diosgenin is also an important precursor substance to produce more than 300 steroid hormones.In this paper,the research progresses on the distribution,biosynthesis process,function,and its catalytic mechanism of diosgenin biosynthesis key enzyme genes are reviewed,including squalene epoxidase,cycloartenol synthase,cytochrome P450 enzyme and uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase etc.It provides the reference for improving the content of diosgenin in plants and promoting genetic breeding and cultivation of Dioscorea.