学以为己:《论语》论学习之道

Learning for Yourself:the Analects on the Way of Learning

《论语》大量记载了孔子关于学习之道的言论。孔子强调人能弘道,虽然人与人之间存在天赋等的差异,但学习既是可能的,也十分重要。同时,学习最根本的目的是完善自我,成就自己的德与才。而就学习的核心内容来说,从《论语》的记载看,主要是指诗与礼。在学习方法上,《论语》重点提到了学无常师、一以贯之、学思结合等数个方面。在学习态度上,孔子最重视的是好学不厌,而乐学则是其极力推崇的最高学习境界。在这一点上,孔子自身即是典范。《论语》所呈现出的孔子关于学习之道的种种言说,是最具代表性的中国传统学习理论,时至今日仍有借鉴意义。

The Analects contains a large number of discussions about Confucius’s discussion of the way of learning.Confucius emphasized that people can spread the Tao,and although there are differences in talent and so on between people,learning is both possible and important.At the same time,the most fundamental purpose of learning is to improve oneself and achieve one’s own virtue and talent.As far as the core content of learning is concerned,from the records of the Analects,it mainly refers to poetry and etiquette.In terms of learning methods,the Analects focuses on several aspects,such as learning from impermanence,consistency,and the combination of learning and thinking.In terms of learning attitude,Confucius attaches the most impor-tance to being eager to learn,and the joy of learning is the highest learning realm that he highly admires.In this regard,Confucius himself is a model.The various sayings of Confucius on the way of learning presented in the Analects are the most representative traditional Chinese theories of learning,and they are still relevant to-day.