人力资本积累与收入差异——来自CFPS的实证

Human Capital Accumulation and Income Difference:Evidence from CFPS

通过教育进行人力资本积累,是缩小收入差异,解决相对贫困,实现共同富裕的有效措施。基于中国家庭追踪调查2018年的微观数据,使用工具变量分位数回归方法,从全样本、性别、城乡和区域的角度,系统分析条件收入分布下教育收益率的异质性。结果表明,我国大学教育收益率依条件收入分布呈L型形状,两端的低收入与高收入群体具有较高的收益率;这意味着低收入群体通过教育缩小收入差距,高收入群体通过教育扩大差距的“马太效应”同时存在。女性收益率大于男性,其中低收入群体的年度回报率,男性为4.59%,女性为10.62%。除了10分位点的低收入群体,城市收益率都大于农村。东部收益率随着收入水平的增加而递增,中西部则是递减。

Human capital accumulation through college education has become an important measure to narrow the income gap.Based on the micro-data of China Family Panel Studies,using the instrumental variable quan-tile regression method,the heterogeneity of returns to college education in China under the conditional income distribution was systematically analyzed from the perspective of full sample,gender,urban and rural,and re-gions.The results show that returns to college education in China is L-shaped according to the conditional in-come distribution,which means the low-income and high-income groups have higher yields.This means that low-income groups can narrow the income gap with other groups through college education.The“Matthew effect”of high-income groups to expand the income gap through college education exists at the same time.For all income groups,returns to college education for women are higher than men;the annual return rate for low-income groups is 4.59%for men and 10.62%for women.In addition to the low-income group of 10 points,the returns of urban are greater than of rural areas.The returns in the east increases with income levels,while the central and western regions are declining.