夷夏东西:从多元到一统的重要过渡阶段

Yi in the East and Xia in the West:An Important Period of Transition from Plurality to Unification

中国考古学的初期,依据当时的考古发现,提出了仰韶、龙山东西二元格局的学术观点,与傅斯年先生根据古史传说提出的“夷夏东西说”相呼应。此后越来越多的考古发现表明仰韶较早、龙山较晚,两者在中原地区具有内在的传承关系,流行20余年的仰韶、龙山东西二元格局的主流观点退出了历史舞台。经过数十年的发掘和研究,中国考古学逐渐建立起新石器和早期青铜时代的时空框架,总结出以中原、海岱、江汉、环太湖和燕辽等五大文化区系为主干的多元一体的文化结构。这一长时段的文化演进过程,自早至晚可以分为若干个历史发展阶段,如多元文化的起源和相互影响、多元演进和一体化进程、夷夏东西、中原中心的确立等,最终汇集和形成政治、经济、军事和文化高度统一的秦汉帝国。

At the beginning of Chinese archaeology,scholars put forward a dualistic pattern of Longshan-Yangshao i.e.eastern-western based on archaeological discoveries at that time.Those discoveries supported the theory of Yi in the east and Xia in the west proposed by Fu Sinian.As new archaeological discoveries increasing later on,it has been approved that Yangshao is earlier than Longshan,and they shared continued traditions in the Central Plain,thus the dualistic pattern prevailed for over twenty years gradually faded out.After decades of excavations and research,there has been established a spatial-chronological frame on the Neolithic and early Bronze Age.Scholars summarized a cultural structure with the characteristics of pluralistic integration,in which the regions of Central Plain,Haidai,Jianghan,Pan-Taihu Lake,and Yan-Liao are five main representatives of regional systems and local cultural series.The long-term cultural evolution and social complexity can be divided into several stages,including the origin and interaction of pluralistic cultures,the pluralistic development and integration process,the pattern of Yi-Xia,and the establishment of central position of the Central Plain.Eventually,all those gathered and formed the empires of Qin and Han which were highly unified in politics,economics,military,and culture.