万物并生与一体和同:《齐物论》的世界观照

Coexistence and Unity in Diversity:A Worldview from the Chapter“On the Equality of Things”

《齐物论》中关于如何观照世界以及如何更好地与世界相处的思考,对于树立人与世界共通和同的一体性意识具有积极价值。庄子认为,天地万物葆有各自独特性,任造化所生并呈现出“吹万不同”的差异样态。对千差万别的世界,各有成心的人形成了莫衷一是的认知与表达,造成了意见纷出、是非四起的分裂局面。庄子试图引导人们超越自我局限的是非迷误,让世间一切都照之于普遍之天,尊重各自本然的差异性,以空明心境去观照世界、应对人世,任由天地万象森然,人只以齐一视之,以此抵达超越虚妄是非的达观之境。庄子认为,在对世界的认知中,有限名言分割了无限之道,为了保全“道”的整全性,不要在“人为一律”的有限性思路上陷入无限循环,而应该改变观照世界的方式,以本质上的普遍同一性来看待世界,以静默的方式与世界相处并和而为一。由此,人应该如其所是地观照世界,超越是非、差异、争执与对待,从而随物自化、逍遥游世。

The reflections on how to observe the world and how to coexist better with it in the chapter“On the Equality of Things”hold positive value for fostering a sense of unity and harmony between human and the world.Zhuangzi believes that all things in the universe possess their unique qualities,arising naturally and exhibiting diverse forms akin to the“myriad winds blowing in different directions”.Being faced with this multifarious world,individuals with their own preconceptions form disparate perceptions and expressions,leading to a fragmented landscape of conflicting opinions and disputes.He endeavors to guide people to transcend their self-imposed limitations and misunderstandings,to illuminate all things in the light of the universal sky,to respect the inherent diversity of each,and to observe the world and engage with humanity with an open and unclouded mind.He advocates a perspective that acknowledges myriad manifestations of nature without distinction,thereby attaining a level of enlightenment beyond superficial judgments and controversies.According to Zhuangzi,finite linguistic constructs fragment the infinite Tao in our understanding of the world.To preserve the integrity of the Tao,one should avoid getting caught in an infinite loop of artificial uniformity and instead perceive the world through its essential,universal unity and interacting with it silently,harmoniously becoming one with it.As such,humans should transcend right and wrong,differences,disputes,and dualistic thinking,thereby flowing with the changes of things and wandering freely in the world.