作为思想史的史学史何以可能:以启蒙史学为例的思考

What Makes a Historiography as an Intellectual History Possible:Reflections on the Enlightenment Historiography as an Example

在研究对象方面存在的类似之处,使得史学史可以借鉴思想史分析文本的一些方法。就这方面而言,对启蒙史家爱德华·吉本的研究就提供了一个很好的案例。莫米利亚诺、特雷弗-罗珀及波考克都将吉本的文本与语境相结合,从不同角度对其进行了历史化的解读,进而深化了对启蒙史学的研究。但史学史研究除了要思考文本语境外,还需思考史学史作为学科史所具有的特征及相应的研究方法。近年来研究者们吸纳了知识史的研究方法,试图分析“历史”是如何“生成”的。对于从知识史角度展开的史学史研究,思想史亦能帮助研究者更深入地考察史学知识生成的智识条件、史家行动的智识环境。譬如,离开了对启蒙时代智识语境的考察,研究者就很有可能无法历史地理解启蒙史学。

In terms of the similarities that exist in the objects,the research of historiography can draw on some methods in which of intellectual history analyses texts.In this regard,the study of the Enlightenment historian Edward Gibbon provides a good example.Scholars such as Momigliano,Trevor-Roper,and Pocock have combined Gibbon's texts with their contexts,offering historical interpretations from different perspectives,thereby deepening the study of Enlightenment historiography.However,in addition to considering the context,the study of historiography also needs to consider the characteristics of historiography as a discipline as well as the corresponding research methods.In recent years,researchers have used for reference the research methods of the history of knowledge,and have analyzed how“history”is“generated.”For the study of historiography from this perspective,intellectual history can allow researchers to more deeply examine the intellectual conditions of the generation of historical knowledge and the intellectual environment of historians'actions.For example,without an examination of the intellectual context which Enlightenment historiography belongs to,researchers may likely fail to historically understand it.