共同富裕目标的三种正义原则

Three Principles of Common Preperity

共同富裕是现代国家发展的共同目标,既要遵循正义原则,又要接受政治正义性的道德评价。对共同富裕有三种不同的理解,各自遵循不同的正义原则并落实于相应的制度与政策。其一,自得的共同富裕遵循个体自由至上原则,认为富裕属于个人占有财富的本性追求,共同富裕目标是社会财富总量扩大的自然结果,现代国家仅需制定服从自由市场的经济政策。其二,可得的共同富裕遵循平等的自由原则,肯定个人富裕优先的逻辑前提,但认为社会财富总量的扩大不一定结出共同富裕的善果,现代国家以补差的社会政策让贫困群体可以得到无偿保障,实现形式平等的共同富裕目标。其三,应得与需得的共同富裕遵循伦理平等原则,主张伦理共同体的任何成员既有得其应得的底线保障,又有得其需得的最高理想,现代国家对其成员承担共同富裕的伦理责任,并诉诸于宏观统筹的发展战略与政治决策。当代中国追求的共同富裕符合第三种正义原则,在观念上融通中国传统、马克思主义传统与西方传统,与全球普遍正义原则接轨,从而接受政治正义性的规范评价。

Common prosperity is a goal of modern national development,requiring adherence to principles of justice and acceptance of moral evaluation of political legitimacy.There are three different interpretations of common prosperity,each following different principles of justice and implemented through corresponding institutions and policies.Firstly,“earned”common prosperity follows the principle of individual freedom supremacy,viewing prosperity as a natural pursuit of individual wealth possession.The goal of common prosperity is seen as a natural outcome of expanding societal wealth,requiring modern states to formulate economic policies aligned with the free market.Secondly,“attainable”common prosperity follows the principle of equal liberty,acknowledging the logical premise of prioritizing individual wealth but questioning whether expanding societal wealth necessarily results in common prosperity.Modern states implement social policies aimed at compensating disadvantaged groups to achieve formally equal common prosperity goals.Thirdly,“deserved and needed”common prosperity follows the principle of ethical equality,advocating that every member of an ethical community is entitled to both minimum guaranteed rights and maximum needed ideals.Modern states bear ethical responsibilities for their members to achieve common prosperity,utilizing macroeconomic development strategies and political decisions.In comparison,contemporary China pursues shared prosperity in line with the third principle of justice,integrating traditional Chinese,Marxist,and Western traditions in its conceptual framework.It aligns with global standards of justice and thereby accepts normative assessments of political legitimacy.