从无限宇宙重返封闭世界

From the Infinite Universe back to the Closed World

生态危机与气候变化是当今世界面临的最为急迫的问题之一,拉图尔后期作了独创性思考。生态危机根本上是现代性危机,要克服该危机,必须对近代科学革命塑造的世界图景进行重构。首先,“人类世”对习以为常的人与自然的二元存在论提出了挑战;其次,近代世界图景的确立以伽利略为代表,其实质是“从封闭世界走向无限宇宙”;第三,为应对生态挑战,应当承认地球的特殊性,“从无限宇宙重返封闭世界”;第四,这绝不是要回到“前现代世界”,而是肯定人的存在是有位置的,这个位置就是“大地”;最后,扎根于大地的存在者是“土人”,在世界之中存在是在作为“关键带”的大地之上存在。

The ecological and climatic issue is one of the most urgent problems facing the world today.Bruno Latour has provided unique insights on this matter.The ecological crisis fundamentally stems from the crisis of modernity,and to overcome it,it is necessary to reconstruct the current world picture established by the modern scientific revolution.Firstly,the Anthropocene challenges the conventional dualistic view of human and nature.Secondly,the establishment of the modern worldview represented by Galileo essentially shifted from the closed world to the infinite universe.Thirdly,to address ecological challenges,we should acknowledge the Earth’s uniqueness and return to the closed world as proposed by Lovelock.Fourthly,this is by no means the return to the pre-modernity but rather an affirmation that human beings are positioned on the Terrestrial.In conclusion,the beings rooted in the Terrestrial are called Earthbound.Being-in-the-world should be understood as being-on-the-Terrestrial,which is conceived as the critical zones.