极端高温如何影响多产品企业的出口表现——来自中国的证据

How Does Extreme Heat Affect the Export Performance of Multi-product Firms—Evidence from China

极端天气正深刻影响微观主体的决策和资源配置。本文基于2000—2016年中国海关数据和国家气象信息中心提供的气象数据,发现多产品企业通过提高出口价格和出口集中度应对极端高温,同时出口数量和出口新产品种类也经历了显著下降。机制研究显示,出口价格上涨主要由多产品企业成本上升驱动;核心产品的抗高温韧性促使企业增加出口集中度;极端高温的生产率下降效应则导致了出口数量和出口新产品种类的萎缩。进一步研究发现,位于炎热地区的企业更易受到极端高温的负面影响,关注气候变暖问题有助于提高企业适应极端高温的能力,尤其在相对炎热的地区,这种适应性的提升更为显著。此外,年均气温的升高和对历史气温的正向偏离也削弱了多产品企业的出口竞争力,进一步证实了以极端高温增加和升温为主要特征的气候变暖对多产品企业的可持续发展构成了威胁。本文从多产品企业的内部资源配置角度深化了对企业气候韧性的相关研究,揭示了当前中国全力应对气候变化的重要性。

Extreme weather conditions are profoundly influencing the decision-mak-ing and resource allocation of micro-entities.This study,using China Customs and mete-orological data from 2000 to 2016,reveals that multi-product firms respond to extreme heat by increasing export prices and export concentration.Simultaneously,they experience a significant decline in export quantities and the introduction of new export product varie-ties.The mechanism analysis indicates that the rise in export prices is primarily driven by increased costs for multi-product firms.The heat resilience of core products encourages firms to enhance export concentration,and the productivity decline caused by extreme heat leads to a contraction in export volumes and the introduction of new product varieties.Firms located in hot regions are more susceptible to the adverse effects of extreme heat.Focusing on the issue of global warming improves firms'ability to adapt to extreme heat,especially in hotter regions,where this improvement of adaptive capacity is more pro-nounced.Moreover,the increase in average annual temperatures and positive deviations from historical temperatures have also weakened the export competitiveness of multi-prod-uct firms,further confirming that climate warming,characterized mainly by rising extreme heat and temperatures,poses a threat to the sustainable development of multi-product firms.This paper deepens the research on firm climate resilience from the perspective of the internal resource allocation of multi-product firms,highlighting the significance of China's current efforts to combat climate change.