不同种源江孜沙棘种子表型及萌发特性研究

Study on Seed Phenotype and Germination Characteristics of Different Provenances of Hippophae gyantsensis

本试验以西藏5个不同种源江孜沙棘种子为材料,研究江孜沙棘种子的表型性状以及在相同培养条件下其种子萌发特性的差异,并探究与地理环境之间的关系。结果表明,不同种源江孜沙棘的种子长度、宽度、厚度分别为3.89~4.92 mm、2.12~3.27 mm、1.18~1.61 mm;种子千粒重为6.86~13.44 g。5个种源中萨迦县种子长度、宽度和千粒重的变异系数小于10%,属于弱变异。种子在萌发4 d内均达萌发高峰期,萌发进程时间较短,在10 d内均结束萌发。除了工布江达县江孜沙棘发芽率(46.67%)较低外,其余4个种源发芽率均高达80%以上。研究结果表明,南木林种子宽度、厚度和千粒重最大,而工布江达县种质的最小。不同种源种子萌发有明显的萌发峰值,属于“爆发型”萌发植物,江孜县的发芽率和发芽势显著最高。5个种源种子的发芽势与海拔和年日照时数间呈显著正相关,而与年均温呈极显著负相关。

In this study,the seeds of Hippophae gyantsensis from 5 different provenances in Xizang were used as materials to study the phenotypic traits of the seeds and the differences in seed germination characteristics under the same culture conditions,and to explore the relationship between the seeds and geographical environment.The results showed that the seed length,width and thickness of Hippophae gyantsensis from different provenances ranged from 3.89 mm to 4.92 mm,2.12 mm to 3.27 mm and 1.18 mm to 1.61 mm respectively.The 1000-grain weight of seeds ranged from 6.86 g to 13.44 g.The variation coefficients of seed length,width and 1000-grain weight in Sa'gya County were less than 10%,which belonged to weak variation.Seeds reached the germination peak within 4 days of germination,the germination process time was short,and germination ended within 10 days.Except for the low germination rate of Hippophae gyantsensis(46.67%)in Gongbujiangda County,the germination rate of the other 4 provenances was higher than 80%.The results showed that the seed width,thickness and 1000-grain weight of the south forest were the largest,while the germplasm of the Gongbujiangda County was the smallest.The seed germination of different provenances had obvious peak value,which belonged to'explosion type'germination plants,and the germination rate and germination potential of Gyangtse County were the highest.The seed germination potential of 5 provenances was positively correlated with altitude and sunshine duration,but negatively correlated with average annual temperature.