大麦核心种质资源主要农艺性状的综合分析和评价

Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Main Agronomic Characters of Hordeum vulgare Core Germplasm Resources

以60份大麦种质资源为试材,对其13个农艺性状和产量性状进行主成分分析、相关性分析及聚类分析。结果表明,各性状的变异系数在15.46%~40.91%之间,其中主穗粒数变异系数最大,其次为主穗粒重、单株主穗粒重、单株分蘖重,千粒重的变异系数最小,说明大麦农艺性状和产量性状的差异主要是由主穗粒数、主穗粒重、单株主穗粒重等因素决定的,故这些性状的改良对提高大麦产量具有重要意义。主成分分析表明,大麦种质资源农艺性状的多数信息包含在前3个主成分因子,累积贡献率为85.93%,主要因子为总重、单株粒数、分蘖重、单株分蘖重,单株穗数、千粒重、穗长和株高。相关性分析结果表明,产量与株高、穗长、分蘖重、单株分蘖重、总重、单株粒重及千粒重相关性达极显著水平,与单株穗数、主穗粒数、单株粒数相关性不大。聚类分析结果表明,60份大麦种质资源在卡方距离3.5处可聚为三大类群,第Ⅰ类为高秆多粒高产组,第Ⅱ类为矮杆穗小低产组,第Ⅲ类为高秆大穗大粒高产组,反映了不同生态区大麦种质材料的品种特征。

The principal component,correlation and cluster analysis of 13 agronomic and yield traits of 60 Hordeum vulgare germplasm resources were carried out.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of each trait ranged from 15.46%to 40.91%,in which the number of main grains per spike was the largest,followed by the weight of main grains per spike,the weight of main grains per spike and the weight of tillers per plant,and the coefficient of variation of 1000-grain weight was the smallest,suggesting that the differences of agronomic traits and yield traits of Hordeum vulgare were mainly determined by the number of main grains per spike,the weight of main grains per spike,and the weight of main grains per spike per plant.Therefore,the improvement of these traits was of great significance to increase the yield of Hordeum vulgare.Principal component analysis showed that most of the agronomic traits of Hordeum vulgare germplasm resources were contained in the first three principal component factors,and the cumulative contribution rate was 85.93%.The main factors were total weight,number of grains per plant,tillering weight per plant,tillering weight per plant,panicle number per plant,1000-grain weight,panicle length and plant height.The correlation analysis results showed that the yield was highly correlated with plant height,panicle length,tiller weight,tillering weight per plant,total weight,grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight,but had little correlation with panicle number per plant,main panicle number and grain number per plant.The results of cluster analysis showed that 60 Hordeum vulgare germplasm resources could be clustered into three major groups at 3.5 Chi square distance.ClassⅠwas high culm and multi-grain high-yield group,ClassⅡwas low stalk and small low-yield group,and ClassⅢwas high culm and large spike and large grain high-yield group,reflecting the variety characteristics of Hordeum vulgare germplasm materials in different ecological regions.