神经胶质细胞反应性活化与青光眼疾病关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between activation of retinal glial cells and glaucoma

哺乳动物视网膜内的神经胶质细胞包括大胶质细胞和小胶质细胞,其对青光眼疾病的作用涉及形态变化、动态迁移以及活性因子分泌等,且这种作用具有两面性。视网膜中的神经胶质细胞反应性活化在青光眼病情进展中参与对分子水平的调控,也对细胞外基质及结构力学造成影响。利用生物信息学整合分析已发现星形胶质细胞对于青光眼伴高眼压产生影响的3种核心基因模块。基因突变导致的神经胶质细胞异常可对视网膜青光眼样病变的发生和发展造成影响。在影像学方面,新技术的出现为体内观察胶质细胞反应性活化状态提供了新的研究方向。本文就神经胶质细胞反应性活化在青光眼疾病中的作用进行综述,以期为青光眼的发病机制和研究方向提供新思路。

Glial cells in the mammalian retina include macroglia and microglia.The role of glial cells in the glaucomatous disease process involves morphological changes,dynamic migration,and secretion of reactive factors.Activation of retinal glial cells can regulate the progression of glaucoma at the molecular level and affect the extracellular matrix and structural mechanics.Integrative bioinformatics analysis has been used to discover three core gene modules of astrocytes for the effect of glaucoma with high intraocular pressure.Studies have confirmed that mutations leading to glial cell abnormalities can influence the progression of glaucoma-like lesions in the retina.In terms of imaging,the emergence of new technologies has provided new research directions for in vivo observation of the reactive activation state of glial cells.This article reviews the role of glial cell activation in glaucoma with the aim of providing new directions for the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.