天津市公交驾驶员睡眠质量及其影响因素研究

Sleep quality and its influencing factors of bus drivers in Tianjin

目的 了解天津市一线公交驾驶员睡眠质量现状及影响因素,为提高公交驾驶员睡眠质量确保驾驶安全提供科学依据。方法 于2023年1—5月采用随机整群抽样方法选择天津市4条公交线路全体在职驾驶员301人为调查对象。利用自行设计的一般情况调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、付出-获得不平衡(ERI)量表等收集调查对象的一般人口学特征、睡眠情况、焦虑情况和职业紧张等信息。采用SPSS 27.0进行t检验、χ^(2)检验及多因素logistic回归。结果 301名驾驶员平均年龄为(43.3±7.3)岁,其中男性占比为90.70%。驾驶员总体睡眠质量评分为(6.08±4.77)分,高于国内常模得分[(3.88±2.52)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。有108名(35.88%)驾驶员存在睡眠障碍,主要睡眠问题为日间功能障碍(38.87%)、入睡时间长(35.55%)、主观睡眠质量差(35.22%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟(OR=1.857,95%CI:1.012~3.407)、腰椎疼痛(OR=2.191,95%CI:1.004~4.780)、静脉曲张(OR=2.619,95%CI:1.187~5.779)、职业紧张(OR=2.055,95%CI:1.232~3.430)、毫无休息连续开车频度(1~2次/周OR=2.356,95%CI:1.309~4.240;≥3次/周OR=5.271,95%CI:2.342~11.866)和焦虑程度(轻度OR=5.399,95%CI:2.703~10.787;中重度OR=27.168,95%CI:8.043~91.772)与驾驶员睡眠障碍高风险相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),闲时运动(1~2次/周OR=0.400,95%CI:0.221~0.724)与驾驶员睡眠障碍低风险相关(P<0.01)。结论 天津市公交驾驶员睡眠质量较差,主要影响因素包括久坐与振动造成的健康损害、工作强度大和职业紧张,建议公交管理部门通过合理排班和培育良好企业氛围等措施,提高驾驶员的睡眠质量,以确保公交运行安全。

Objective To understand the current situation of sleep quality and its influencing factors of frontline bus drivers in Tianjin,and provide the scientific basis for improving the sleep quality of bus drivers and ensuring driving safety.Methods The random cluster sampling method was used to select all working drivers(301 cases)of four bus lines in Tianjin from January to May 2023 as the subjects.The self-designed general information questionnaires,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7)and Effort-Reward Imbalance(ERI)scales were used to collect information on general demographic characteristics,sleep quality,anxiety,and occupational tension of the subjects.The t test,χ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS 27.0.Results The mean age of 301 bus drivers was(43.3±7.3)years old.The proportion of male drivers was 90.70%.The sleep quality score of overall drivers was(6.08±4.77)scores,which was significantly higher than that[(3.88±2.52)scores]of domestic common model(P<0.01);108 drivers(35.88%)experienced the sleep disturbance,the main sleep problems were daytime dysfunction(38.87%),long fall asleep time(35.55%)and poor subjective sleep quality(35.22%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking(OR=1.857,95%CI:1.012-3.407),lumbar pain(OR=2.191,95%CI:1.004-4.780),varicose veins(OR=2.619,95%CI:1.187-5.779),occupational tension(OR=2.055,95%CI:1.232-3.430),frequency of continuous driving without breaks(1-2 times per week OR=2.356,95%CI:1.309-4.240;≥3 times per week OR=5.271,95%CI:2.342-11.866)and severity of anxiety(mild OR=5.399,95%CI:2.703-10.787;moderate to severe,OR=27.168,95%CI:8.043-91.772)were related to the high risk of sleep dysfunction(P<0.05,P<0.01).The leisure time exercise(1-2 times per week OR=0.400,95%CI:0.221-0.724)was related to the low risk of sleep dysfunction(P<0.01).Conclusion The sleep quality of Tianjin bus drivers is bad,the main influencing factors include the health damage from long sitting and vibration,work intensity and professional tension.It is suggested that the public transport management department should take reasonable scheduling and foster a good enterprise atmosphere to improve the sleep quality of drivers and to ensuresafe bus operation.