气相氟-氯交换合成氯氟烃替代物或中间体的研究进展

Research progress on synthesis of chlorofluorocarbon substitutes or intermediates by gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange

氯氟烃(CFCs)替代物的使用可以避免臭氧层消耗物质的使用和减少温室气体的排放。气相氟-氯交换属于氟化催化剂催化的Swartz反应,主要用于合成C_(1)~C_(6)CFCs替代物或其中间体,以及用于锂电池、含氟医药等重要领域的系列杂原子氟化物,具有绿色高效、易实现大规模生产的特点。该文对气相氟-氯交换合成CFCs替代物或中间体的反应机理、氟化催化剂和合成工艺进行了综述。对气相氟-氯交换的未来发展趋势进行了展望,提出了今后的重点在于研究和完善铬基催化剂用于气相氟-氯交换反应的理论、开发高碳原子数氯代烃的气相氟-氯交换工艺技术以及气相氟-氯交换技术在新能源、含氟医药等领域的应用。

The use of chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)alternatives can avoid the use of ozone-depleting substances and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.The gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange reaction belongs to Swartz reaction under catalysis of fluorides,which is mainly used for the synthesis of C_(1)~C_(6) CFCs substitutes or their intermediates as well as a series of heteroatomic fluorides used in important fields such as lithium batteries and fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals,showing the characteristics of green,efficiency,and easy to achieve large-scale production.The reaction mechanism,fluorination catalysts,and synthetic processes of CFCs substitutes or intermediates by gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange were reviewed.The future development trend of gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange was discussed,and it was proposed that the future study should focus on the theoretical basis of chromium-based catalysts for gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange reactions,development of gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange process technologies for high-carbon chloroalkanes,and the application of gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange technology in new energy and fluorine-containing pharmaceutical fields.