2015—2023年舟山市居民健康素养分析

Health literacy among residents in Zhoushan City from 2015 to 2023

目的了解2015—2023年浙江省舟山市居民健康素养水平及其变化趋势,为制定健康促进策略提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样结合人口规模成比例抽样方法,抽取舟山市15~69岁常住居民为调查对象,采用《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》调查健康素养,并采用全国人口普查舟山市人口资料标化,计算2015—2023年健康素养水平绝对增长量和增幅,分析其变化趋势。结果2015—2023年累计监测19296人,其中男性8006人,占41.49%;女性11290人,占58.51%。年龄为(50.06±12.67)岁。2015—2023年舟山市居民健康素养水平分别为13.10%、18.33%、20.35%、23.71%、27.58%、30.75%、34.36%、37.03%和39.47%,呈上升趋势(P<0.05),年均增长2.93%,9年绝对增长量为26.37%,9年增幅为201.30%。基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能三个方面健康素养水平均呈上升趋势(P<0.05),其中基本技能素养水平9年绝对增长量和9年增幅均最小,分别为7.64%和34.60%。六类问题健康素养水平均呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。不同地区、性别居民素养水平均呈上升趋势(P<0.05);除65~69岁组外,其他年龄组居民健康素养水平均呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。不识字/少识字居民健康素养水平无明显变化趋势(P>0.05),小学文化程度居民健康素养水平呈下降趋势(P<0.05),其他文化程度居民健康素养水平均呈上升趋势(P<0.05);农民健康素养水平无明显变化趋势(P>0.05),其他职业居民健康素养水平均呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。结论2015—2023年舟山市居民健康素养水平稳步上升,需针对65岁及以上老年人、小学及以下文化程度人群和农民等重点人群开展健康教育与促进工作。

Objective To understand the level and trend of health literacy among residents in Zhoushan City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2023,so as to provide the reference for developing promotion strategies and interventions of health literacy.Methods Permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years in Zhoushan City were selected as the survey sub⁃jects using a multi-stage stratified random sampling combined with population-size proportional sampling method.The residents'health literacy was investigated using the Questionnaire on the Health Literacy among Chinese Residents,and standardized by Zhoushan City population data captured from the national population census in China.The absolute in⁃crease and growth rate of health literacy level from 2015 to 2023 were calculated to investigate the changing trends in health literacy levels.Results A total of 19296 residents were monitored from 2015 to 2023,including 8006 men(41.49%)and 11290 women(58.51%),and had a mean age of(50.06±12.67)years.The health literacy levels among residents in Zhoushan City from 2015 to 2023 were 13.10%,18.33%,20.35%,23.71%,27.58%,30.75%,34.36%,37.03%and 39.47%,respectively,showing an upward trend(P<0.05),with an average annual growth rate of 2.93%.The 9-year absolute increase rates of 26.37%,and the growth rate reached 201.30%.The health literacy levels of basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behaviors and basic skills all appeared increasing trends(all P<0.05),and the 9-year absolute increase and growth rate of the basic skills were the smallest(7.64%and 34.60%).The health liter⁃acy levels of six categories of health issues all showed upward trends(all P<0.05).The health literacy levels of resi⁃dents in different regions and genders showed upward trends(both P<0.05).Except for the age of 65 to 69 years,the health literacy levels among all the other age groups showed upward trends(all P<0.05).There was no significant changing trend in the health literacy level among illiterate/semi-literate residents(P>0.05),the health literacy level among residents with primary school education showed a downward trend(P<0.05),while the health literacy levels of residents with other educational levels all showed upward trends(all P<0.05).There was no significant changing trend in the health literacy level among farmers(P>0.05),while the health literacy levels among residents with other occupa⁃tions showed upward trends(all P<0.05).Conclusions The health literacy level among residents in Zhoushan City steadily increased from 2015 to 2023.Health education and promotion efforts have been targeted at key populations of the elderly aged over 65 years,residents with a primary school education or below and farmers.