机器人应用与农民工劳动供给

Robot Applications and Migrant Workers’Labor Supply

从劳动供给视角出发,基于国际机器人联盟(IFR)数据和中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,实证考察机器人应用对农民工劳动参与和劳动时间的影响及作用机制。研究发现:工业机器人的应用并没有产生严重挤占农民工劳动供给的现象。机器人应用水平提升会显著增加农民工的劳动参与,同时显著降低农民工劳动供给时间。采用工具变量法解决潜在内生性问题,并通过稳健性检验后,这一结论依然成立。机制检验表明,机器人的广泛应用主要通过推动产业结构优化升级、提高劳动生产率、提升工资率影响农民工的劳动供给。异质性分析显示,机器人应用对农民工劳动供给的影响存在地区、代际、性别、流动时间和技能水平差异。同时,基于就业身份和职业类型的不同,进一步考察了农民工劳动供给的结构性差异。

From the perspective of labor supply,based on the data of the International Federation of Robotics(IFR)and the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),we empirically examine the impact of robot applications on labor participation and labor time of rural migrant workers and the mechanism of its effect.The study finds that the application of industrial robots has not seriously crowded out the labor market of migrant workers and squeezed out the migrant workers′labor group.The elevated level of robot application significantly increases the labor participation while significantly reducing the labor supply time of migrant workers.After mitigating the potential endogeneity problem by utilizing the instrumental variables approach and after robustness testing,the study′s conclusions still hold.Mechanism analysis shows that robot application mainly affects the labor supply of migrant workers by promoting the opti mization and upgrading of industrial structure,increasing labor productivity,and raising wage rates.Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are regional,generational,genders,mobility time and skill level differences in the impact of robot application on the labor supply.Meanwhile,structural differences in the labor supply of migrant workers are further examined based on differences in employment status and occupation type.