清末河南女子师范教育的发展

The Development of Female Normal Education in Henan Province in the Late Qing Dynasty

清末,河南地区风气闭塞,女子师范教育的发展缓慢。直至清光绪三十三年(1907年),清政府颁布《奏定女子师范学堂章程》,河南地区始办女子师范教育,创办了荥阳县女子师范传习所和汝阳县女子师范传习所,后在李时灿、阎永仁、刘青霞等进步人士的主持下,创办了中州女学堂和华英女校两所女子师范学堂。清末河南女子师范教育发展呈现出培养“贤妻良母”的教育目的、与留日学生密切相关和没有形成完善教育体系等特点,但其对河南地区女子教育的发展和女性角色的转变起到了至关重要的作用,培养了一批新时代女性和优秀的女性教师,推动了民国时期女子师范教育的进一步发展。

In the late Qing Dynasty,as a result of controversial social atmosphere,the development of female normal education in Henan region was stagnant.It was not until the 33rd year of Guangxu reign(1907),when the Qing government issued the Regulations on the Women’s Normal Schools,that the female normal education was first established in Henan region.The Xingyang County Women’s Normal Training Institute and the Ruyang County Women’s Normal Training Institute were founded.Later,under the leadership of progressive figures such as Li Shican,Yan Yongren,and Liu Qingxia,two women’s normal schools were founded:Zhongzhou Women’s School and Huaying Women’s School.In the late Qing Dynasty,the development of female normal education in Henan region was aimed at cultivating“virtuous wives and mothers”,and characterized by a close connection with students studying in Japan and the absence of a well-established educational system.Nevertheless,it played a crucial role in the advancement of female education in Henan region and the transformation of female roles,as is shown in the cultivation of a group of new era women and female teachers,and the promotion of further development of female normal education in the Republic of China.