英国城市文明的发展趋势——兼论与中国城市文明的比较

The Development Trend of British Urban Civilization--A Comparison with Chinese Urban Civilization

英国是世界上最早实现近代城市化的国家。在演进过程中,英国城市文明表现出其发展特征和趋势:城市体系日益完备,从伦敦城市单一发展模式到不同规模、不同功能的多中心城市模式;从城市化、郊区化再到逆城市化和再城市化,城市社会地理不断演变;从“孤立式多元”管理模式、“全面干预式”管理模式到“合作式多元”管理模式,社会多元主体参与城市社会管理。与英国城市文明相比,中国城市文明由不同历史时期的城市功能、城市结构、城市空间和城市管理模式等要素叠加而成,既凸显其不同的历史和地域特色,又在一定程度上表现出相似性。

Britain is the first country in the world to have gone through the process of modern urbanization.British urban civilization exhibited a distinctive trajectory of development,characterized by a progression from a model of separate urban development,exemplified by London,to a polycentric model encompassing a diverse array of urban forms.This shift reflected a growing systematic organization of the urban system.Additionally,the urban social geography underwent a transformation,evolving from a context of urbanization and suburbanization to one of deurbanization and reurbanization.Furthermore,the involvement of multiple actors in urban social governance witnessed a notable shift,moving from a state of"isolated"participation to a more comprehensive approach characterized by"cooperative pluralism".In comparison to British urban civilization,Chinese urban civilization has integrated the functions,structures,spaces and governance of urban areas from different historical periods.This has resulted in a complex urban system that reflects not only historical and regional characteristics but also some similarities.