桂热系列甘蔗新品种(系)在广西不同区域适应性评价

Adaptability Evaluation of Guire Series New Sugarcane Varieties(Lines) under Different Areas in Guangxi

为全面了解桂热系列甘蔗品种(系)的丰产性、稳定性及适应性,筛选出适合广西区域种植的优良新品种(系),为进一步优化甘蔗品种布局及推广应用桂热系列提供参考依据。2016~2018年,以桂糖42号和桂柳05136为对照,在5地(柳州、横州、南宁、防城港和北海)布置5个试验点开展不同区域适应性评价,对参试的8个甘蔗品种(系)进行农艺性状、病虫为害、蔗茎产量和产糖量等性状调查,并对其主要性状的丰产性、稳定性和适应性进行分析。结果表明,蔗茎产量、产糖量除地点间、地点×品种间效应未达到显著水平外,其他变异来源均达到显著或极显著水平。桂热系列的甘蔗品种(系)的蔗茎产量均比桂糖42号、桂柳05136增产,其中桂热2号、桂热02-186、桂热03-81与对照差异显著;桂热2号、桂热02-186产糖量均高于桂糖42号、桂柳05136,其中桂热2号与对照差异显著。表现最好的桂热2号比桂糖42号、桂柳05136增产、增糖分别为41.12%、32.76%和29.22%、21.42%,增产增糖明显。综合分析,桂热2号性状表现优异,高产、高糖、抗黑穗病能力强,适应性广,可在广西特别是丘陵坡地蔗区推广种植;桂热02-186丰产性、稳产性较好,适应性较广,可在部分蔗区推广应用;桂热1号具有一定的适应区域,在昌菱、滨海等沿海地区可获得较高的蔗茎产量、产糖量,可在该区域试种推广,继续观察性状表现;桂热03-81、桂热03-23表现不是很理想,不建议推广应用;此外,桂热系列甘蔗品种(系)的蔗糖分比对照低,熟期偏晚,属中晚熟种,建议蔗区可以采取早、中、晚熟期的品种安排种植桂热系列品种,也可以安排种植秋植蔗,在甘蔗生长后期追肥时尽量减少氮肥的施用量等栽培管理措施,提高桂热系列的蔗糖分含量,更好地在蔗区推广应用。

To comprehensively comprehend the high-yield,stability,and adaptability of the Guire series sugarcane varieties(lines),it is imperative to identify new varieties(lines) suitable for regional planting in Guangxi.In order to establish a reference basis for the optimal distribution of sugarcane varieties and the future application and promotion of the Guire series.From 2016 to 2018,using Guitang42 and Guiliu05136 as controls,five experimental sites were set up in five locations(Liuzhou,Hengzhou,Nanning,Fangchenggang,and Beihai) to conduct adaptability evaluations in different areas.Eight sugarcane varieties(lines) were investigated for agronomic traits,pest and disease damage,sugarcane yield,and sugar yield,and the high-yield,stability,and adaptability of their main traits were analyzed.The results showed that except for the effects locations and between locations and varieties,the variation sources of sugarcane yield and sugar yield all reached significant or extremely significant levels.The cane yield of the Guire series sugarcane varieties(lines) is higher than that of the control Guitang42 and Guiliu05136,with significant differences between Guire2,Guire02-186,and Guire03-81 and the control;The sugar yield of Guire2 and Guire02-186 was higher than that of the control Guitang42 and Guiliu05136,with significant differences between Guire2 and the control.The best performing Guire2 increased yield and sugar content by 41.12%,32.76%,and 29.22%,21.42%,respectively,compared to the control Guitang42 and Guiliu05136,with a significant increase in yield and sugar content.Overall analysis shows that the sucrose content of the Guire series sugarcane varieties(lines) is lower than that of the control,and the maturity period is later,with medium to late maturing varieties.Guire2 exhibits excellent traits,high yield,high sugar content,strong resistance to smut,and wide adaptability.It can be widely promoted and planted in sugarcane growing areas,especially in hilly and sloping areas of Guangxi;The Guire02-186 has good yield and stability,and has a wide adaptability,which can be promoted and applied in some sugarcane areas;Guire1 has a certain adaptation area and can achieve higher cane and sucrose yields in coastal areas such as Changling and Binhai.It can be tested and promoted in this area,and the performance of its traits can be further observed;The performance of Guire03-81 and Guire03-23 is not very ideal,and it is not recommended to promote their application.In addition,the sugarcane varieties(lines) of Guire series had lower sucrose content than the control,and the ripening stage was late,so it was suggested that sugarcane areas could adopt early and middle.The varieties in the late maturing stage are arranged to plant the varieties of cinnamon fever,and the sugarcane can also be arranged to plant the sugarcane in the autumn,and the cultivation management measures such as reducing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer as much as possible during the late growth of sugarcane,so as to improve the sucrose content of cinnamon fever series and promote the application in the sugarcane area.