土耳其革命对第一次国共合作的影响

Ef fect of the Turkish Revolution to the First Cooperation between the KMT and the CPC

20世纪20年代,国共两党在确立合作、推进革命的进程中,不约而同地引用、借鉴由凯末尔领导的土耳其革命。这是因为土耳其在苏俄帮助下,民族革命运动取得巨大成功,而中土两国相似的国情和革命目标,自然令地处远东的中国革命者聚焦近东的土耳其。作为国共合作语境中的热门话题,苏俄、中共要借土耳其的榜样效应,努力建构革命联合战线全力推进国民革命,国民党也希望效仿土耳其,一举完成建国大业。但是,由于土耳其转向反共及其与苏俄关系的反复,令中国革命者对联合战线产生忧虑,更成为国民党右派辩解其反革命行径的借口,最终使土耳其革命成为国共合作破裂的一个悲剧性注脚。

In the 1920s,both the KMT and the CPC independently drew inspiration from the Turkish Revolution led by Mustafa Kemal while establishing cooperation and advancing their revolutionary agendas.This was because Turkey,with the assistance of Soviet Russia,had achieved great success in its national revolutionary movement.The similar national conditions and revolutionary goals of China and Turkey naturally drew the attention of Chinese revolutionaries in the Far East to Turkey in the Near East.In the context of KMT-CPC cooperation,the Soviet Union and the CPC wanted to leverage Turkey's example to build a united revolutionary front and vigorously advance the national revolution.Likewise,the KMT hoped to emulate Turkey and achieve the goal of nation-building in one decisive move.However,Turkey's shift towards anti-communism and its fl uctuating relationship with Soviet Russia caused Chinese revolutionaries to worry about the stability of the united front.This situation also provided the KMT right wing with an excuse to justify their counter-revolutionary actions,ultimately serving as a tragic footnote to the breakdown of cooperation.