新中国对卷烟行业的改造和平衡——以上海“大东烟厂事件”为例

The People's Republic of China Transformation of the Cigarette Industry and Its Balance:Taking Shanghai “the Incident of Great Eastern Tobacco Company” as an Example Liu Yue Dong Guoqiang

1952年发生的“大东烟厂事件”看似是一起劳资纠纷事件,实际是新政权在行业改造的同时,还要稳定工商业以及避免工人失业等问题的综合反映。新政权成立后基于治理通货膨胀的设想,认为上海卷烟业生产过剩且不稳定,进而对该业进行限制和精简等改造措施。在卷烟业改造的过程中因缺乏相应的配套措施,出现部分工厂停工和工人失业的情况。“大东烟厂事件”即此类典型。在了解类似情况后,新政权一方面缓和改造措施,稳定工商业的经营信心;另一方面批准部分已停工的烟厂复工,并向其提供经营资金,从而避免工人失业。

“The Incident of Graet Eastern Tobacco Company” that occurred in 1952 appears to be a labor dispute,but in reality it was a comprehensive reflection of the People's Republic of China(PRC)need to stabilize commerce and industry and to avoid the loss of workers while reforming the industry.After the establishment of the PRC,based on the idea of fi ghting infl ation,the Shanghai cigarette industry was considered to be overproducing and unstable,and the industry was then subjected to restrictions and streamlining and other reform measures.In the course of the transformation of the cigarette industry,due to the lack of corresponding supporting measures,some factories were shut down and workers lost their jobs.“The Incident of Graet Eastern Tobacco Company” is a typical example of this.After learning the similar situation through the Graet Eastern Tobacco Company,PRC,on the one hand,eased the reform measures and stabilized the business confidence of the industry and commerce;on the other hand,it approved the resumption of some of the shut down factories and provided them with operating funds,thus avoiding the unemployment of the workers.