“测量平差”概括平差模型解法教学设计

Teaching Design of Generalized Adjustment Method for Surveying Adjustment

分析了测绘工程专业核心课程“测量平差”教学改革特点,指出了现有教材中没有充分讨论概括平差模型与方法的适用性,尤其是设计矩阵B列秩亏时的平差问题。鉴于此,系统探讨了概括平差模型多种解法,得到了具有普适性的概括平差模型参数估计方法,并阐明了权重对于(虚拟)观测值、起算数据的平衡与评价作用。最后,通过简单算例呈现了观测值与起算数据的无界限化特点,剖析了多样化参数选取方式对概括平差模型形式的决定作用,从而揭示了概括平差模型及其解法在本质上和形式上的统一性和通用性。

This paper analyzes the teaching reform achievements characteristics of the core course“Surveying Adjustment”in the surveying and mapping engineering major.It is pointed out that the applicability of generalized adjustment model and method has not been fully discussed in the teaching books and cases,especially for the adjustment problem with designing matrix of the deficiency rank.In view of this,this paper systematically discusses the solution of the generalized adjustment model,and obtains a universal parameter estimation method for the generalized adjustment model.Then,the binary boundary is broken between the observation and the initial data,and the role of evaluation and connections is clarified by weight.Finally,the decisive role on the form of generalize adjustment model is analyzed through a simple case with different parameter selection scheme,and the unity and universality in both essence and form is revealed from the generalized adjustment model and its solution.