耐热含能化合物合成研究进展

Research Progress in Synthesis of Heat-resistant Energetic Compounds

从分子设计、合成路线及性能评价等方面简要综述了近十年来报道的热分解温度高于300℃的耐热含能化合物。从分子骨架上看,这些耐热含能分子主要包括单环、稠杂环、联杂环类以及离子盐等。其中,稠杂环和联杂环类是当前耐热含能材料发展的基本特征和主要方向。对含能分子结构与性能的总结分析,构建大共轭和氢键体系是目前提高分子热稳定性的有效策略。合理设计和布局共轭稠杂环和联杂环类骨架,引入氢键系统以及进一步扩大共轭结构将有望实现超高温耐热含能分子构建。

The heat-resistant energetic compounds with thermal decomposition temperature higher than 300℃reported in the past ten years from the aspects of molecular design,synthesis route and performance evaluation were briefly reviewed.From the perspective of molecular framework,these heat-resistant energetic molecules mainly include monocyclic,fused heterocyclic,linked heterocyclic and ionic salts.Among them,the fused heterocyclic and linked heterocyclic are the basic characteristics and main directions of the current development of heat-resistant energetic materials.Based on the summary and analysis of the structure and properties of energetic molecules,the construction of large conjugation and hydrogen bonding systems is an effective strategy to improve the thermal stability of molecules.The rational design and layout of conjugated fused heterocyclic and linked heterocyclic skeleton,the introduction of hydrogen bonding system and the further expansion of conjugated structures are expected to realize the construction of ultra-high heat-resistant energetic molecules.