铝合金对高氯酸铵反应特性的影响

Effects of Aluminum Alloys on the Reaction Charateristics of Ammonium Perchlorate

为了研究推进剂中金属燃料对氧化剂高氯酸铵(AP)反应特性的影响,选取两种铝基金属燃料-铝锂合金和铝镁合金,借助TG-DSC、SEM、XRD以及自制燃烧实验装置等设备,对样品释能过程及反应特性进行了分析,并采用Kissinger法计算了样品的表观活化能。结果表明,铝锂合金对AP低温分解阶段和高温分解阶段皆存在抑制效果,使得其两个阶段的分解放热峰峰温升高;铝镁合金对AP低温分解阶段有较强的促进作用,使得AP低温分解峰峰温降至287.3℃。当加入铝锂合金后,AP低温分解表观活化能为129.7 kJ/mol,高温分解表观活化能约为247.0 kJ/mol;而加入铝镁合金后,AP低温分解表观活化能降为负数(-207.2 kJ/mol);AP/铝镁合金中AP的分解剧烈,样品燃烧时观察到了较大的气相火焰,其燃烧过程中铝、镁基本能完全反应,而AP/铝锂合金的燃烧产物检测到了铝单质。

To investigate the effects of metal fuels on the reactions of ammonium perchlorate(AP)oxidizer in propulsion systems,the energy release processes and reaction characteristics of two aluminum-based metal fuels,namely Al-Li alloy and Al-Mg alloy,were analyzed by TG-DSC,SEM,XRD,and a custom-designed combustion apparatus.The apparent activation energy was calculated by Kissinger method.The results reveals that the Al-Li alloy exhibits inhibitory effects on both the low-temperature and high-temperature decomposition stages of AP,which elevates decomposition peak temperatures for both stages.In contrast,the Al-Mg alloy has a strong promoting effect on the low-temperature decomposition stage of AP,lowering the decomposition peak temperature to 287.3℃.The addition of Al-Li alloy results in an apparent activation energy of 129.7 kJ/mol for the first decomposition stage of AP and approximately 247.0 kJ/mol for the second stage.Conversely,the addition of Al-Mg alloy leads to a negative apparent activation energy(-207.2 kJ/mol)for the first decomposition stage of AP.Additionally,in the Al-Mg alloy/AP system,a vigorous decomposition of AP is observed,accompanied by the generation of a prominent gaseous flame during sample combustion.In this process,aluminum and magnesium are nearly fully consumed.However,in the Al-Li alloy/AP system,aluminum is still detected among the combustion products.