碳纳米纤维改性硝基胍发射药的结构与性能表征

Characterization of the Structure and Properties of Nitroguanidine GunPropellant Modified by Carbon Nanofibers

将碳纳米纤维(CNFs)引入硝基胍发射药体系,探究其对发射药结构及性能的影响规律;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对样品的结构和组成进行表征;采用差示扫描量热(DSC),通过Kissinger和Ozawa两种方法分别对发射药的热分解行为及动力学进行分析;通过密闭爆发器试验研究了CNFs对硝基胍发射药燃烧性能的影响;最后进行了抗冲击强度测试。结果表明,CNFs改性硝基胍发射药的结构稳定;与空白样相比,添加质量分数1%的CNFs的发射药样品热分解表观活化能(E a)由200.620 kJ/mol提高到208.652 kJ/mol,发射药的热稳定性提升;经CNFs改性的硝基胍发射药燃烧稳定,适量的CNFs对硝基胍发射药燃烧过程有良好的调控作用;适量CNFs可以有效改善发射药的抗冲击强度,添加质量分数为0.5%的CNFs时发射药的低温抗冲击强度相比空白样提高了26.03%。

Carbon nanofibers(CNFs)are introduced into the nitroguanidine gun propellant system to investigate its effects on structure and properties of the gun propellant.The structure and composition of the sample are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and Raman spectroscopy(Raman).Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)is used to analyze the thermal decomposition behavior and kinetics of the propellant by the Kissinger and the Ozawa methods.The effect of CNFs on the combustion performance of nitroguanidine gun propellant is studied by closed bomb test,and the impact strength tests are carried out.The results show that the structure of nitroguanidine gun propellant modified by CNFs is stable.Compared with the blank sample,the activation energy(E a)of thermal decomposition of the gun propellant sample containing 1%(mass fraction)CNFs increases from 200.62 kJ/mol to 208.65 kJ/mol,reflecting the improvement of thermal stability.The gun propellant containing CNFs can burn steadily and appropriate amount of CNFs have a good regulatory effect on its combustion process.In addition,adding appropriate amount of CNFs can effectively improve the impact strength of the propellant.The impact strength of the sample with 0.5%CNFs is improved by 26.03%compared with the blank sample at low temperature.