元前诗歌叙事传统的演进及体制特征

On the Evolution of Narrative Traditions and Form Features with Poetry Before the Yuan Dynasty

在从先秦以至唐宋漫长的历时变迁中,中国古代各体文学的叙事与抒情性能递经共生、分化、消长、互渗的进程。尤其是二者在经历了体制分化之后,诗歌叙事就进入分途发展演进阶段。其具体演进历程大略分三段式,首先是抒情与叙事之各体消长,其次是诗歌叙事之多体式分布,终至诗歌叙事传统之凝定成形。诗歌叙事传统一旦形成,就表征出若干体制特征:其一,常规叙事诗有较强叙事特性,而非叙事诗也蕴涵叙事成分,不论叙事诗还是抒情诗,其叙事性能均渐趋增强;其二,诗歌叙事主要体现在正文中,而其叙事性也表征于附件上,且因附件与正文相配合,而使诗歌叙事更显完善;其三,诗歌叙事既向体式内部充实,同时也向诗歌体式之外拓展,呈现为诗作跨文本组合,或为诗歌叙事之跨文类。此外,为应对诗歌叙事的创作实绩,还催生一系列诗歌叙事理论。

In the long period from Pre-Qin to the Tang and Song Dynasties,the narration and lyricism of Ancient Chinese Literature went through coexisting,differentiating,balancing and interacting.After differentiating from the lyric function,the narrative one of poetry started to develop and evolve separately.And the process of its evolution can be roughly divided into three stages:the growth and decline of poetry's narrative function with the lyric one together,the distribution of multi-type poetry narrations,and the final formation of poetic narrative tradition.Major characteristics had appeared once the narrative tradition of poetry was formed:First,not only the conventional narrative poems show strong narrative style,but also the lyric poems contain some narrative elements,and the narrative performance of both narrative and lyric poetry is gradually enhanced;Second,besides presented in the body of a poem,the narrative art is also utilized in the corresponding annex,which would perfect the narration part of a poem,if the poem and its annex match very well;Third,the narrative feature of poetry not only enriches itself on the internal level of text structure,but also expands narrative art to outside contexts,which mainly involves cross-text combination of narrations and cross-genre collaboration of them.In addition,in order to cope with the creative achievements of poetic narration,a series of poetic narrative theories were also spawned.