国际生物数据共享服务体系运行模式研究

Study on Operation Mode of the International Biological Data Sharing Service System

【目的】通过对国际生物数据共享服务体系以及国内科学数据共享服务体系的运行模式进行调研,从协作运行模式、相关政策支持、资助保障支持、运营管理支撑、基础设施支撑、规范标准支撑、工具技术支撑方面进行深入分析。【方法】采用网络调研和文献分析法,对数据共享体系的文献资料进行检索和分析。【结果】各国在生物数据共享方面的布局不同。欧美等发达国家较早建立较为完善的管理体系,形成了良好的生物数据生态环境。美国、日本等国家的生物数据中心采用集中模式,实现资源的集中管理和监控;而瑞士采用联合协作模式,由多个团体协作管理运行,但保持团队独立性。我国亟需加快生物数据共享体系的建设,当前在科学数据共享服务系统的建立中进行了积极探索,并已形成了有效的管理模式。【结论】通过对现有运行模式的调研,考虑到我国生物数据资源分布情况、研究医疗机构的特点以及生物数据安全等多种因素,认为在建设国家生物数据共享体系的过程中,可以采用“中心和节点的联合协作模式”,加强核心节点建设,提供基础支撑,构建互联互通的生物数据共享网络。在服务体系上,可以结合联合协作的运营模式,推动节点基础设施、技术服务、领域方向等多方面的合作,促进生物医学研究的创新发展。

[Objective]This study investigates the operation modes of both international biological datasharing service system and domestic scientific data sharing service system.It conducts an analysis from various aspects,including the collaborative operation mode of the system,policy support,financial support,management,infrastructure,scientific terminology and standards,as well as tools and technical systems.[Methods]The survey collects and analyzes a wide range of literature and resources related to the scientific data sharing system.Network searches and literature analysis methods are used.[Results]The operation modes of biological data sharing systems vary in different countries.Europe and the United States have been pioneers in establishing biological data sharing service systems,employing well-structured management frameworks that have fostered the development of robust ecological environments for biological data.The United States,Japan,and the United Kingdom have primarily adopted a centralized mode in their biological data centers,facilitating efficient resource management and monitoring through centralized mechanisms.In contrast,the biological sharing system in Switzerland operates through collaborative management involving multiple groups,which allows for team independence and cooperation.China currently lacks of a unified and effective biological data sharing system,thus requiring an acceleration in the construction.China has already accumulated experience and developed an effective management model during the establishment process of other scientific data sharing service systems.This experience can be leveraged to provide valuable insights for the construction of the biological data sharing system.[Conclusions]Through analyzing the existing operation modes,considering the distribution of biological data resources,as well as the characteristics of research and medical institutions and data security issues in China,it suggests that a hub-nodes joint mode should be adopted during the construction of a national biological data sharing system.Strengthening the construction of the hub node can provide essential support for construction of other nodes,ultimately establishing an interconnected network for biological data sharing.In terms of service system combining the management of cooperation mode,it is possible to promote cooperation in areas such as infrastructure,technical services,and research directions,thereby promoting the innovation of biomedical research.