智能制造对企业就业规模的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Intelligent Manufacturing on Enterprise Employment Scale

本文以中国智能制造示范项目的推广为准自然实验,基于2012—2022年上市公司微观数据,采用多期双重差分模型研究智能制造对企业就业规模的影响效应及其作用机制并进一步研究智能制造对“稳就业”的影响。结果发现:智能制造能够有效提升企业就业规模,采用一系列稳健性检验后,智能制造对企业就业规模的促进效应结论依然成立;异质性分析表明,智能制造对企业就业规模的影响在城市数字基础设施、企业科技属性、企业所有权性质、企业生命周期等方面表现出显著差异;机制分析表明智能制造通过扩大企业生产规模、提升市场份额以及企业技术升级等路径扩大企业就业规模;进一步分析表明,智能制造通过对企业就业波动的影响,进而起到“稳就业”的作用。根据研究,本文提出加快促进智能制造与企业深度融合、注重智能制造试点政策的差异化和支持企业深化数字技术运用,加速向智能制造转变的政策建议。

Intelligent manufacturing is an important means for Chinese enterprises to carry out industrial intelligent upgrading.This paper takes the promotion of China’s intelligent manufacturing demonstration project as a quasi-natural event,based on the micro-data of listed companies from 2012 to 2022.The multi-stage difference-in-difference model is used to study the effect and mechanism of intelligent manufacturing on the employment scale of enterprises and further study the influence of intelligent manufacturing on“stable employment”.The results show that:intelligent manufacturing expands the employment scale of enterprises,and after a series of robustness tests,the promoting effect of intelligent manufacturing on the employment scale of enterprises still exists.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of intelligent manufacturing on enterprise employment scale is significantly different in urban digital infrastructure,enterprise technological attribute,enterprise ownership,and enterprise life cycle.Mechanism analysis shows that intelligent manufacturing can expand the scale of enterprise employment by expanding production scale,increasing market share and upgrading enterprise technology.Further analysis shows that intelligent manufacturing expands enterprise production scale,enhances market share,and upgrades enterprise technology to expand employment scale.Further analysis shows that intelligent manufacturing plays a role in stabilizing employment by influencing employment fluctuations in enterprises.Based on the research,this article proposes policy recommendations to accelerate the deep integration of intelligent manufacturing and enterprises,mind the differentiation of pilot policies for intelligent manufacturing,and support enterprises to deepen the application of digital technology and accelerate the transition to intelligent manufacturing.