数字经济下金融业格式合同正当性解构

The Analysis of the Legitimacy of Financial Format Contract in Digital Economy

格式合同是数字经济时代金融契约的基本形式。现行法对待格式条款侧重于公平价值考量,未能恰当地体现金融业格式合同的效率价值诉求。数字技术发展使金融业格式合同得以更好地实现信息效率,金融平台经营者亦需要依托格式合同构建信用机制以此降低交易成本。数字经济下金融业格式合同具备显著的效率价值。与此同时,数字经济对金融业格式合同公平价值实现提出了时代诉求。金融业格式合同因算法“偏见”引发了新的公平问题,且产生“普”而不“惠”的实际运用效果。法律应当以效率与公平相协调的方式塑造金融业格式合同的正当性。明确格式条款法律规范的理念、实现提示与说明义务转向、确立绝对无效规则/推定无效规则以及优化备案制度是法律因时与因势而进的理性选择。

Format contract is the basic form of financial contract in the era of digital economy.The current law focuses on the fair value consideration of the standard clause,and fails to properly reflect the efficiency value demand of the standard contract in the financial industry.The development of digital technologies makes financial format contract better achieve information efficiency,the operator of financial platform needs to create credit mechanism s via format contract for the purpose of reducing transaction cost.The financial industry form contract therefore has significant efficiency value.At the same time,the digital economy has put forward the requirement of The Times to realize the fair value of the standard contract in the financial industry.The standard contract in financial industry has caused a new fairness problem due to the“bias”of the algorithm,and has produced the practical application effect of“universal”but not“beneficial”.The law should shape the legitimacy of standard contracts in the financial industry in a way that the dual values of fairness and efficiency are coordinated.It is a rational choice to clarify the concept of legal norms of standard clauses,realize the shift of prompt and explanatory obligations,establish absolute/presumptive invalid rules and optimize the filing system.