不同覆盖方式对桃园土壤性状及果实产量品质的影响

Effects of different mulching methods on soil properties and fruit yield and quality in peach orchard

连续2年在上海市12年生蟠桃园将修剪枝条粉碎后翻埋还田,并将此措施与碎枝覆盖、果园生草或反光地布覆盖相结合,探索桃园碎枝利用及复合覆盖的适宜形式。结果表明,相对于对照(不做任何处理),翻埋粉碎树枝、翻埋粉碎树枝+覆盖粉碎树枝、翻埋粉碎树枝+人工生草、翻埋粉碎树枝+铺设反光地布4种措施能使蟠桃单果质量提升13.8%~35.0%,增产16.0%~36.9%,其中以碎枝覆盖结合翻埋的增产提质效果最佳。连续2年的碎枝覆盖结合翻埋,使得0~30 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量比对照显著高出82.1%、52.0%、48.5%和47.7%,0~10 cm土层土壤容重比对照显著降低12.0%,0~20 cm土层土壤平均含水量比对照显著高出10.0%,且在土壤含水量偏低时的保水作用更显著。蟠桃单果质量和产量与土壤含水量、孔隙度、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量等土壤理化指标表现出极显著或显著正相关关系。碎枝翻埋和覆盖相结合是适宜华东地区的桃园废弃物就地利用的良好方式。

The pruned branches were crushed and buried in the field,or combined this measure with crushed branches mulching,orchard grass cultivation or reflective cloth mulching for two consecutive years in 12-year-old flat peach orchard in Shanghai to explore the appropriate form of pruned branch utilization and composite mulching for peach orchard.The results showed that compared with the control,the above four measures increased single fruit weight by 13.8%-35.0% and the yield by 16.0%-36.9%,among which the comprehensive measure of mulching combined with burying crushed branches had the best effect on increasing yield and improving quality.After 2 years of mulching combined with burying crushed branches,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the 0-30 cm soil layer were significantly higher than that of control by 82.1%,52.0%,48.5% and 47.7%,respectively.The bulk density of the 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly reduced by 12.0% compared with the control.The average water content of the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of control,and the water retention effect was more significant when the soil water content was low.The single fruit weight and yield showed very significant or significant positive correlation with soil physical and chemical indexes such as soil water content,porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content.The combination of burying and mulching is a good way to utilize peach orchard waste in East China.