萜类物质抑藻效应及富萜植物共培养抑藻研究

Terpenoid-induced algal inhibition and the co-culture of terpene-enriched plants for algal suppression

为解决夏季淡水水体中蓝藻水华问题,以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,从薄荷醇、龙脑、香叶醇、穿心莲内酯、芳樟醇以及柠檬醛6种萜类化合物中筛选高效抑藻剂,探讨其抑藻效应、机理、应用方式及生态安全性.研究结果表明,香叶醇与柠檬醛对铜绿微囊藻的抑制效果最佳,且抑制率随浓度增大而增加.在浓度为60mg/L时,香叶醇与柠檬醛最大抑制率分别为86.9%、76.0%.在香叶醇与柠檬醛的作用下,铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量下降,光合作用受到抑制;抗氧化酶活性降低,细胞内活性氧积累;自由基攻击细胞膜,细胞结构受到破坏,从而导致藻细胞死亡.香叶醇与柠檬醛未展示出“低促高抑”的性质,对衣藻与萼花臂尾轮虫毒性较小,对伊乐藻与斑马鱼无显著影响,具有一定的生态安全性.富含香叶醇的柠檬香蜂草与富含柠檬醛的香茅草,在与铜绿微囊藻共培养时表现出显著的抑藻能力,抑藻率高达95%,适合作为浮床植物应用于蓝藻水华的防控.

In order to solve the problem of cyanobacteria bloom in freshwater bodies in summer,Microcystis aeruginosa was taken as the research object,and six terpenoid compounds including menthol,borneol,geraniol,andrographolide,linalool and citral were selected to screen high-efficiency algaecides,and their algaecological effects,mechanisms,application methods and ecological safety were explored.The results showed that geraniol and citral had the best inhibitory effects on Microcystis aeruginosa,and the inhibition rate increased with the increase of concentration.At a concentration of 60mg/L,The maximum inhibition rates of geraniol and citral were 86.9%and 76.0%,respectively.Under the action of geraniol and citral,the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents of Microcystis aeruginosa decreased,photosynthesis was inhibited;the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased,and reactive oxygen accumulated in cells;free radicals attacked the cell membrane,and the cell structure was damaged,leading to the death of algal cells.Geraniol and citral did not have the properties of"low promotion and high inhibition".They were less toxic to Chlamydomonas and Brachionus calyciflorus,and had no significant effect on Elodea and Zebrafish,and had a certain ecological safety.Geraniol-rich Melissa officinalis and citral-rich Citronella showed significant algal inhibition in co-culture with Microcystis aeruginosa with algal inhibition rate as high as 95%,which is suitable to be used as floating-bed plants for the prevention and control of cyanobacterial blooms.