河南省生活垃圾减量分类的“从量收费-限量交易”机制构建研究

Research on the Construction of the “Volume Charge-Cap-and-Trade” Mechanism for the Reduction and Classification of Household Waste in Henan Province

立足生活垃圾减量分类现实需求与按量收费市场运作的政策导向,提出构建河南省生活垃圾“从量收费—限量交易”机制的构想。首先,结合国内上海强制生活垃圾分类机制与国外“从量收费”机制,分析河南生活垃圾减量分类“产权不清、设施不全、管理不细、监督不力、经验不足”的五方面阻梗。其次,综合产权、公地自治、污染总量控制等理论,构建以基层自治单元为单位的“从量收费—限量交易”机制。再次,从减量分类意愿、减量分类行为、垃圾分类设施、垃圾收费接受度、基层自治五个维度,对“从量收费—限量交易”机制进行实践考察。最后,提出以基础设施铺建为前提,以组织动员为引导,由点及面逐步推广的实现路径。

Based on the practical needs of reducing and classifying household waste and the policy orientation of operating a volume based fee market,this paper proposes the idea of constructing a“volume charge—cap-and-trade”mechanism for household waste in Henan Province.Firstly,combining the mandatory household waste classification mechanism in Shanghai and the“cap-and-trade”mechanism abroad,analyze the five obstacles to the reduction and classification of household waste in Henan,including unclear property rights,incomplete facilities,inadequate management,ineffective supervision,and lack of experience.Secondly,by integrating theories such as property rights,public land autonomy,and pollution control,a"quantity based charging limited trading"mechanism will be established at the grassroots autonomous unit level.Once again,a practical investigation will be conducted on the“volume charge—cap-and-trade”mechanism from five dimensions:willingness to reduce classification,behavior towards reducing classification,garbage classification facilities,acceptance of garbage charges,and grassroots autonomy.Finally,a implementation path is proposed that is based on infrastructure construction,guided by organizational mobilization,and gradually promoted from point to surface.