语言学与傅斯年古书“成籍”研究

Linguistics and Fu Sinia’s Study of Ancient Books Formation

谈及古书体例和古书成书研究,一般会想到余嘉锡《古书通例》,但稍早于此,现代文史学界另有傅斯年一篇关于古书成书研究的文献,却长久为人所忽视。1929年,傅氏文学发生学研究文献部分的论述,凝结成一篇讨论先秦著述观念和成书体例的论文《战国文籍中之篇式书体——一个短记》。傅斯年将先秦古书分为记言之书、成篇之书、系统之书三个阶段,并对先秦古书成书过程、特点和体例作出总结。梳理傅斯年贯穿语言学、文学史、文献学的古书成籍研究方式之形成脉络,及其间多学科、多领域关联、互证的实际情况,不唯有助于更全面、深入地理解傅斯年的学术,而且可从一个重要角度为当下古书成书研究提供参考和比较的视野。

When it comes to the study of ancient book formats and their formation,one usually thinks of Yu Jiashi’s General Rules of Ancient Books.However,slightly earlier than this,there is another piece of literature on the study of ancient books forma⁃tion by Fu Sinian that has long been overlooked in the modern literary and historical academic community.In 1929,a part of Fu’s research literature on literary genealogy was condensed into an essay discussing the concept of writing and book formats in the pre-Qin period.The essay was titled“The Chapter Style and Book Format in Warring States Books:A Brief Note”.Fu Sinian di⁃vided the ancient pre-Qin books into three stages:books of recorded speeches,books with completed chapters,and series of books.He also summarized the process,characteristics,and formats of ancient pre-Qin books formation.Exploring the develop⁃ment of Fu Sinian’s research approach on ancient books formation,which integrates linguistics,literary history,and literature studies,as well as the actual situation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary connections and mutual evidence,not only helps to gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Fu Sinian’s scholarship but also provides an important perspective for reference and comparison in current research on ancient books formation.