近视巩膜重塑及其干预方法的研究进展

Research progress of myopic scleral remodeling and its intervention methods

近视是最常见的屈光不正。巩膜细胞外基质成分变化可引起巩膜重塑,巩膜重塑影响巩膜的生物力学特性,任何生物力学的改变均可导致屈光不正。近视的发病率以流行病的速度增长,已成为一个全球性的公共卫生问题。巩膜重塑是一个动态、复杂的过程,视黄酸、基质金属蛋白酶、缺氧诱导因子-1α等因子和信号通路被证实参与并调控巩膜重塑。本文对目前影响近视巩膜重塑的相关因子、信号转导通路及现有干预方法和靶点进行综述,为近视防控与治疗提供新思路。

Myopia is the most common refractive error.Changes in extracellular matrix composition of sclera can cause scleral remodeling,which affects biomechanical properties of sclera,and any biomechanical changes may lead to refractive errors.The incidence of myopia is increasing at an epidemic rate and has become a global public health problem.Scleral remodeling is a dynamic and complex process.Retinoic acid,matrix metalloproteinases,hypoxia-inducible factor-1αand other factors and signaling pathways have been confirmed to participate in and regulate scleral remodeling.This article reviews the relevant factors,signal transduction pathways,existing intervention methods,and targets that currently affect myopia scleral remodeling,providing new ideas for myopia prevention and treatment.