“约己”与“能己”之争的调和——《论语》“克己复礼”章探析

Reconciling the dispute between"self-restraint"and"self-ability"--An analysis of the chapter of"Self-denial and Propriety"in The Analects of Confucius

“克己复礼”的解读千百年来众说纷坛。其中“克己”作“约己”解还是“能己”解,两者并非不可调和。“克己”既存在“约己”,同时也存在“能己”的一面。“约己”是对情欲、言行的自我控制,并且也是对君子之人格的扩充与弘扬;“能己”是对人具有可以通过自我约束和弘扬道德性的能力的一种肯定。“约己”与“能己”之“己”乃为一“己”之整体,两者不可分割而言。同时,“能己”作为“约己”的前提,赋予了“约己”实现道德的主动性能力,使人能自觉、主动朝向“礼”,并弘扬、追求德性从而实现理想人格,而非被动的使人沦为“物”。

The interpretation of"renunciation of self and Return to courtesy"has been in dispute for thousands of years.It is not irreconcilable that"self-denial"can be regarded as"self-limiting"or"self-capable"."Self-denial"has both"self-denial"and"self-mastery"."Self-restraint"is the self-control of passion,words and deeds,and also the expansion and promotion of the personality of the gentleman."Ability and self"is an affirmation of one's ability to carry forward morality through self-restraint.The self of"self reduction"and"self ability"is the whole of one self,and they are inseparable.At the same time,as the premise of"self-abnegation","self-abnegation"endods"self-abnegation"with the initiative ability to realize morality,so that people can consciously and actively move towards"propriety",and promote and pursue virtue to realize ideal personality,rather than passively reducing people to"things".