有机-无机复混肥施用对广西典型烟田土壤肥力及烟草品质的影响

Effects of applying organic-inorganic fertilizers on fertility of typical tobacco soil and tobacco quality in Guangxi

采用田间试验并选择典型高肥力、低肥力烟田土壤,设置茶籽粕+无机肥(T)、菜籽粕+无机肥(R)和花生粕+无机肥(P)3个处理,研究有机-无机复混肥施用对广西典型烟田土壤肥力和烟草品质的影响。结果表明:有机-无机复混肥施用可提高土壤微生物活性,加速有机物料矿化,促进土壤速效养分积累,改善土壤结构,尤其在低肥力水平下花生粕的添加表现最为明显;能促进总糖、钾、氯等元素在烟草中的积累,但有机物料添加对烟草品质的影响明显低于初始肥力烟田土壤。高肥力土壤有助于烟草中钾、氯等元素积累,但总糖、还原糖、糖碱比均显著低于低肥力烟田土壤。针对烟草工业需求,在实际生产中应重点关注中、低产田土壤,结合肥料调控开展优质烟叶原料生产。

Based on field experiments,the effects of applying organic-inorganic fertilizers on fertility and tobacco quality of typical tobacco soil in Guangxi were studied.Choosing typical tobacco soils with high and low fertility,accompanying three treatments of camellia pancake+inorganic fertilizer(T),rapeseed meal+inorganic fertilizer(R)and peanut meal+inorganic fertilizer(P)and each treatment with three replications in random.Results showed that organic-inorganic fertilizer can accelerate the mineralization of organic matters,promote the accumulation of available nutrients and improve the structure of soil through enhancing the activity of soil microbial.Particularly,adding peanut meal to the soil with low fertility was most obviously useful by raising the accumulation of total sugar,potassium,chlorine and other elements in tobacco,while the influence of adding organic matter on tobacco quality was significantly lower than that of the initial fertility of tobacco soil.The soil with high fertility contributed to the accumulation of potassium and chlorine in tobacco,but the total sugar,deoxidized sugar and sugar-alkali ratio were significantly lower than that of the soil with low fertility.To satisfy tobacco industrials'needs,it was important to primarily focus on the middle or low yielding soils in actual production and regulate fertilizers to achieve the production of high-quality tobacco materials.