2011-2020年哈尔滨市职业病发病特征分析

Analysis on the characteristics of occupational diseases in Harbin from 2011 to 2020

目的分析哈尔滨市2011-2020年职业病新发病例特征,掌握哈尔滨市职业病发病情况,为职业病防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统数据进行整理,回顾性分析10年哈尔滨市职业病新发病例的疾病谱变化、职业病人群分布特点等情况。结果2011-2020年哈尔滨市报告职业病新发病例681例,病例数较多的为职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病、职业性传染病、职业性化学中毒。职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病330例,其中,职业性尘肺新发病例共242例,病例数较多的为矽肺、水泥尘肺、煤工尘肺、电焊工尘肺。职业性尘肺新病例主要集中在香坊区,为120例(49.59%),其中接尘工龄为20~29年的占比最高,为48.35%;病例主要集中在国有经济类型企业中,占全部病例的80.99%;尘肺病新发病例在大型企业中占比为67.36%,男性病例较多,占总病例数的85.95%。职业性传染病病例242例,主要为男性病例,占总病例人数的87.19%。83例职业性化学中毒病例中,急性中毒51例,占职业性化学中毒病例总数的61.45%;慢性中毒32例,占38.55%。结论随着哈尔滨市产业结构不断调整,职业病防控工作的重心也应相应调整,对涉及职业病发病例数占比较高的区(县)及企业应重点管理,保护劳动者健康。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of new occupational disease cases in Harbin from 2011 to 2020,and to master the incidence of occupational disease in Harbin,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational disease.Methods By collating the data from information monitoring system of occupational disease and health hazard,the changes of occupational disease types,the distribution characteristics of occupational disease population and other situations in Harbin City during the past 10 years were retrospectively analyzed.Results 681 new occupational dis-ease cases were reported in Harbin from 2011 to 2020,and the most of the cases were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases,occupational infectious diseases and occupational chemical poisoning.The case number of occu-pational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases was 330.Among them,there were 242 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis,and the most common cases were silicosis,cement pneumoconiosis,coal workers'pneumoconiosis and welder's pneumoconiosis.The new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were mainly concentrated in Xiangfang District,with 120 cases(49.59%),among which 48.35%were those who had been exposed to dust for 20-29 years.The cases were mainly concentrated in state-owned enterprises,accounting for 80.99%of all cases.The new cases of pneumoconiosis ac-counted for 67.36%in large enterprises,and the male cases accounted for 85.95%of the total cases.There were 242 cases of occupational infectious diseases,mainly male cases,accounting for 87.19%of the total cases.Among 83 cases of occu-pational chemical poisoning,51 cases were acute poisoning,accounting for 61.45%of the total cases of occupational chemical poisoning,while 32 cases were chronic poisoning,accounting for 38.55%.Conclusion The main prevention and control of occupational diseases should be adjust accordingly with Harbin's adjustment of industrial structure,attention should be paid on the management of districts(counties)and enterprises with a relatively high number of occupational disease cases,so as to protect the health of workers.