炭疽芽孢杆菌的基因组学与生物学基本特征分析

Analysis of Genomic and Basic Biological Characterization of Bacillus anthracis

为深入研究炭疽芽孢杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)基因组信息,探索其次级代谢产物、耐药基因和毒力基因种类,从NCBI数据库中下载43株炭疽芽孢杆菌的基因组,分别利用基因组分析软件、次级代谢产物挖掘软件以及耐药基因和毒力基因数据库对其进行分析。43株炭疽芽孢杆菌的基因组大小为5.20~5.32 MB,G+C含量为35.36%~35.45%,在系统发育树上被分为3个分支。通过泛基因组分析发现,有7873个基因家族、3469个核心基因和2627个特有基因,泛基因组呈开放型。通过次级代谢产物挖掘软件注释到12类、307个与次级代谢产物相关的基因簇,共有354个次级代谢产物,主要是含线性唑的肽(linear azol in e-containing peptides,LAP)、铁载体(NI-siderophore)、非核糖体肽金属载体(non-ribosomal peptide me-tallophores,NRP-metallophore)、非核糖体肽合成酶(non-ribosomal peptide synthetase,NRPS)、内酯(betalactone)和萜烯(terpene)等。将43株炭疽芽孢杆菌fasta格式的基因组序列上传至CARD耐药基因数据库进行比对,得到8种耐药基因(VanZF、mphL、FosB、Bla1、Bla2、tet45、VanRA和VanSA),其中存在耐药基因最多的是菌株HDZK-BYSB7和MCCC 1A01412。将43株炭疽芽孢杆菌fasta格式的基因组序列上传至VFDB毒力基因数据库进行比对,得到9种毒力基因(inhA、nheA、nheB、nheC、BAS3109、cytk、hblA、hblC和hblD),存在毒力基因最多的是菌株MCCC 1A02161,其中inhA和BAS3109可能是炭疽芽孢杆菌与其他芽孢杆菌属菌株相比独有的毒力基因。本研究获得了炭疽芽孢杆菌的基因组信息,明晰了泛基因组和核心基因组与基因组数目的关系,预测了次级代谢产物、耐药基因和毒力基因的种类,研究结果有助于全面了解炭疽芽孢杆菌,为临床用药提供依据。

In order to conduct in-depth research on the genome information of Bacillus anthracis and explore its secondary metabolites,drug-resistance genes and virulence gene types,the genomes of 43 strains of B.anthracis were downloaded from the NCBI database and genomic analysis software,secondary metabolite mining software,and drug-resistance and virulence gene databases were used to analyze the genome information.The genome size of 43 strains of B.anthracis ranged from 5.20 to 5.32 MB,and the G+C content ranged from 35.36%to 35.45%.All strains could be divided into three branches on the phylogenetic tree.The pangenomic analysis showed that there were 7873 gene families,3469 core genes and 2627 specific genes,and the pangenome was open.In total 12 categories,307 gene clusters related to secondary metabolites and 354 secondary metabolites were annotated through secondary metabolite mining software,mainly including linear azol in e-containing peptides(LAP),NI-siderophore,non ribosome peptide metallophore(NRP-metallophore),non ribosome peptide synthetase(NRPS),betalactone and terpene.By uploading genomic sequences of 43 strains of B.an-thracis in fasta format to the CARD database for sequence comparison,8 drug-resistance genes were identified,which were VanZF,mphL,FosB,Blal,Bla2,tet45,VanRA and VanSA.Strain HDZK-BYSB7 and strain MCCC 1A01412 had the most drug-resistance genes.By uploading genomic sequences of 43 strains of B.anthracis in fasta format to the VFDB database for sequence comparison,9 virulence genes were obtained,which were inhA,nheA,nheB,nheC,BAS3109,cyth,hblA,hblC,and hbID.Strain MCCC 1A02161 had the most virulence genes,and inhA and BAS3109 might be unique virulence genes of B.anthracis compared to other Bacillus species.This study obtains the genomic information of B.anthracis,clarifies the relationship between pangenome,core genome and genome number,predicts secondary metabolites and the types of drug-resistance genes and virulence genes.The research results help us comprehensively understand B.anthracis,and provides a theoretical basis for clinical medication.