说古书中“夷”的一种特殊用法

A Special Usage of“Yi”夷in Ancient Texts

古书中“夷”的用法很多,大多数都比较明确,较为复杂的是所谓“发声”的“夷”(郑玄说)或“语助”的“夷”(王引之说)。近年清华简等材料中也出现了少数难以理解的“夷”,有的学者就沿用“发声”或“语助”的成说来说明其用法。对此加以重新检讨,并结合于鬯《香草续校书》对相关用例的理解,补充上博简相关通假用例,可知这些所谓“发声”或“语助”用法的“夷”都应当读为“逮”,表示“及”的意思。这样,《周礼》《孟子》以及清华简当中相关用例都能够得到很好的解释。

In ancient texts,the word“yi”夷is used in numerous ways,most of which were relatively clear.However,ambiguity has been witnessed in terms of yi as“pronunciation-related”发声(as described by Zheng Xuan郑玄)or as“modal-particle”语助(as described by Wang Yin王引).Recently,a few instances of incomprehensible“yi”have been seen on the bamboo slips from Tsinghua University(known as the“Tsinghua Bamboo Slips”).Some scholars have continued to interpret these uses as pronunciation or modal particle.This paper reevaluates these interpretations,drawing insights from the commentary in Xiangcao Xujiaoshu香草续校书by Yu Chang于鬯,and adding the relevant cases of interchangeable characters in the Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips.It is proposed that in these cases,“夷”should be read as“逮”,conveying the meaning of“waited until”or“up until”.This interpretation provides a coherent explanation for relevant examples found in the texts such as the Rites of Zhou周礼,Mencius孟子,and the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips.