多元主体环境规制组合如何实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进?

How can a combination of environmental regulations by multiple stakeholders achieve the synergistic advancement of carbon reduction,pollution control,green ex-pansion,and economic growth?

降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进是助力于经济高质量发展的重要抓手。如何实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进是当前政府、公众乃至学术界比较关注的焦点话题。基于“政府-市场-公众”框架以中国30个省份为案例,运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法、必要条件分析(NCA)和倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,探讨政府环境规制、市场环境规制和公众环境规制多元主体环境规制组合对降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进的联动效应及其路径选择,探索性地识别出3类降碳减污协同推进的配适性选择方案,即由政府环境规制和公众环境规制多元组合共同解释的配饰模式,由政府环境规制、市场环境规制和公众环境规制多元组合共同解释的配饰模式以及由政府环境规制和市场环境规制多元组合共同解释的配饰模式。研究发现:①单一主体环境规制并不能构成降碳减污协同推进的必要条件,但是完善的环保制度发挥着普适性作用。瓶颈分析说明实现100%的降碳减污协同推进需要各种主体环境规制共同参与发挥效力。②政府、市场和公众多元环境规制“多重并发”,共4类环境规制组合能够实现降碳减污协同推进的效果,呈现出中国降碳减污协同推进的多元化实现路径和复杂机制。③进一步研究发现,政府环境规制-市场环境规制-公众环境规制多元联合型环境规制能够实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进的效果。这些发现对于中国各地区实施何种环境规制组合以实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进具有重要的理论意义与政策启示。

The synergistic advancement of carbon reduction,pollution control,green expansion,and economic growth is a critical strategy for contributing to high-quality economic development.How to achieve this synergistic advancement is the focus of the government,the public,and even academia.Based on the‘government–market–public’framework,using 30 provinces in China as cases and employing fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA),necessary condition analysis(NCA),and propensity score matching(PSM)methods,this study explored the synergistic effects and path choices of the combined environmental regulations of government,market,and the public on the synergistic advancement of carbon reduction,pollution control,green expansion,and economic growth.It tentatively identified three types of adaptive selection schemes for the synergistic advancement of carbon reduction and pollution control:a matching mode jointly explained by the diverse environmental regulations of government and the public,a matching mode jointly explained by the diverse environmental regulations of government,market,and the public,and a matching mode jointly explained by the diverse environmental regulations of government and the market.The study found that:①A single environmental regulation entity alone could not constitute a necessary condition for the synergistic promotion of carbon reduction and pollution control,but a sound environmental protection system played a universal role.Bottleneck analysis indicated that achieving 100%synergistic promotion of carbon reduction and pollution control required the collective participation and effectiveness of various environmental regulation entities.②Government,market,and the public had multiple environmental regulations‘concurrently multiplying,’with four categories of environmental regulation combinations able to achieve the effect of the synergistic advancement of carbon reduction and pollution control,presenting a diversified implementation path and complex mechanisms for such advancement in China.③Further research revealed that a multi-joint type of environmental regulation combining government,market,and public environmental regulations could achieve the synergistic advancement of carbon reduction,pollution control,green expansion,and economic growth.These findings have important theoretical significance and policy implications for determining what combinations of environmental regulations should be implemented in different regions of China to achieve coordinated advancement in carbon reduction,pollution control,green expansion,and economic growth.