我国竞技体育政策治理的逻辑变迁与实践路径

Research on the Logic Transformation and Practical Pathways of Competitive Sports Policy Governance in China

竞技体育是体育事业的重要组成,是体育强国建设的重要支撑。以国务院部委制定的520份政策文本为研究样本,以历史制度主义为研究视角,运用政策文本量化、质性研究等研究方法对竞技体育政策治理内容、治理目标、治理逻辑演变展开深入分析和探讨。研究认为,我国竞技体育治理分为竞技体育治理体系艰难探索(1949—1977年)、单一主体治理体系形成(1978—1991年)、多元治理体系发展(1992—2011年)、现代化治理体系转化(2012年至今)等4个阶段。呈现出由问题导向向战略规划变迁的历史演变逻辑,由粗放调控向精准治理转变的工具演变逻辑,由体育部门的“包揽模式”向多部门“协同模式”转变的主体演变逻辑。研究提出四条创新实践路径,概括为增强政策耦合,提升发展协同度;落实政策跟踪审计,提升政策韧性;坚持依法治体,提升竞技体育规范化水平;以目标为整合途径,强化政策制定中的沟通与协作。

Competitive sports constitute a significant component of China's sports undertakings and play a crucial role in building China into a leading sports nation.Based on the analysis of 520 policy documents issued by the State Council's ministries,this study adopts a historical institutionalism perspective and utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the content,objectives,and logical evolution of competitive sports governance in Chi-na.The research identifies four stages in the governance of competitive sports in China:the arduous exploration of the competitive sports governance system(1949-1977),the formation of a single-entity governance system(1978-1991),the development of a pluralistic governance system(1992-2011),and the transition to a modernized gov-ernance system(2012-present).These stages reveal a historical evolution from problem-orientation to strategic planning,a tool evolution from extensive regulation to precise governance,and a subject evolution from a monopo-listic model by the sports department to a collaborative model involving multiple departments.The study proposes four innovative practical pathways:enhancing policy coupling to improve developmental synergy;implementing policy tracking and auditing to enhance policy resilience;adhering to the rule of law in sports to raise the standardiza-tion level of competitive sports;focusing on objectives as a means of integration to strengthen communication andcollaboration in policy formulation.