聚组训练研究前沿:结构类型、训练效应与作用机理

Frontier of Cluster Structure:Basic Types,Training Effects and Mechanism

聚组训练作为抗阻训练的一种新型组织方式,已引起理论与实践界深入关注,但有关聚组训练的结构类型、理论基础、与传统抗阻训练的效果差异及其作用机理等都有待开展深入细致的研究。现有研究表明:聚组训练主要包括组内间歇结构、重复间休息式结构、组间休息重分配结构、休息暂停结构和等比休息结构5种;不论是在急性还是长期训练效应上,与传统抗阻训练相比,其在爆发力、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和动作速度保持等方面的积极效应相对明显;其效应机理主要与聚组训练结构方式所导致的能量消耗与恢复过程变化、神经—肌肉疲劳与恢复效果改变,练习过程中动作机械性能的改善以及主观疲劳感明显下降等有直接关系。

In recent years,Cluster Structure(CS),as a new organization mode of resistance training,has aroused deep concern in theory and practice.Nevertheless,the structure classification,theoretical fundament and the difference between cluster training and traditional resistance training need to be studied in depth and in detail.Related studies have shown that,CS mainly includesfive types:intra-set rest,inter-repetition rest,rest redistribution,rest-pause method,equal work-to-rest ratio.In terms of acute training effect and long-term training effect,there are some positive effects in power,muscle strength,maintenance and speed of movement compared with traditional resistance training.The mechanisms of them are mainly related to the change of energy consumption and recovery,the change of nerve and muscle fatigue and recovery effect,the improvement of action mechanical properties and subjective fatigue decreased significantly in CS training.