社会保险待遇返还请求权的法理建构与实现方式

The Legal Construction and Realization of the Right to Claim the Return of Social Insurance Benefits

社会保险待遇返还请求权是社会保险经办机构以行政决定的方式,行使公法上的不当得利返还请求权。其权力主体是经办机构,义务主体是受益人,返还的客体是没有法律根据享受的社会保险待遇。成立要件包括存在社会保险给付关系、享受的社会保险待遇没有法律根据。经办机构作出责令退回的行政决定后,如受益人未提起行政复议或者行政诉讼,且未履行返还义务,经办机构可以申请法院强制执行。在操作上,经办机构责令退回多享受的社会保险待遇可适用三阶层的审查方法确定其实现方式。

The right to claim the return of social insurance benefits is the right to claim the return of unjust enrichment under public law exercised by the social insurance agency in the form of an administrative decision.The subject of its power is the handling agency,the subject of obligation is the beneficiary,and the object of return is the social insurance benefits enjoyed without legal basis.The requirements for establishment include the existence of a social insurance payment relationship and the lack of legal basis for the social insurance benefits enjoyed.After the handling agency makes an administrative decision to order the return,if the beneficiary does not file an administrative reconsideration or administrative lawsuit and fails to perform the obligation to return,the handling agency may apply to the court for compulsory enforcement.Operationally,if the handling agency orders the return of the social insurance benefits enjoyed in excess of the amount,the three-level review method can be applied to determine the way to achieve it.