辅助人员过错时马术运动员兴奋剂责任认定研究

Study on the Identification of Equestrian Athletes'Anti-Doping Responsibilities in Cases of Auxiliary Personnel's Violation

马术项目的反兴奋剂管理涉及多方辅助人员,却未对辅助人员的兴奋剂违规处罚进行单独规定。国际马术联合会(FEI)在马匹兴奋剂违规处罚中确定由运动员对辅助人员过错行为承担全部责任。随着越来越多的马术兴奋剂纠纷上诉至国际体育仲裁院(CAS),现有判例表明CAS仲裁庭承认FEI在多个相关处罚决定中确实存在兴奋剂处罚规则适用不当、违规证明责任失衡、兴奋剂责任划分方式不清等问题,影响运动员兴奋剂责任认定,加剧了反兴奋剂管理与运动员权利保障的冲突。通过对CAS仲裁庭类案分析,辅助人员过错行为可酌情纳入运动员减免处罚的考量范围,确定以区分原则为认定前提、个人过错为处罚基础、以多方协商为缓和路径的认定步骤,为完善马术兴奋剂责任认定提供有效指引,保障运动员的正当权益。研究建议:在体育法治化背景下,我国马术协会应与国际发展接轨,结合马术项目的特点,通过制定辅助人员行为规范、发布运动员指南、加强辅助人员监管等方式,提高运动员对兴奋剂责任的认识水平,实现反兴奋剂管理与运动员权利保护的和谐共进。

The anti-doping management of the equestrian involves multiple auxiliary personnel,yet no separate regulations have been established for the punishment of auxiliary personnel's doping violations.The Federation Equestre Internationale(FEI)has determined that athletes bear full responsibility for the faulty behaviors of auxiliary personnel in the context of equestrian anti-doping rule violations.With more and more equestrian doping disputes appealed to the International Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS),existing case precedents indicate that the CAS arbitral tribunal acknowledges issues such as improper application of doping regulations,imbalanced burden of proof for violations,and unclear division of anti-doping responsibilities in multiple related penalty decisions made by the FEI,which have affected the identification of athletes'anti-doping responsibilities and aggravated the conflict between anti-doping management and athletes'rights protection.Through the analysis of CAS cases,the faulty behaviors of auxiliary personnel can be discretionarily included in the consideration for athletes'mitigation of punishment.This paper proposes an identification process based on the principle of differentiation as a prerequisite,individual fault as the basis of sanction,and multi-party consultation as a mitigation path,so as to provid effective guidance for improving the identification of equestrian anti-doping liability and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of athletes.Research Suggestions:Under the background of sports legalization,China's equestrian association should align with international development,combine with the characteristics of equestrian,and improve athletes'awareness of anti-doping liability by formulating codes of conduct for auxiliary personnel,issuing athlete guidelines,and strengthening the supervision of auxiliary personnel,thereby achieving a harmonious coexistence between antidoping management and athlete rights protection.