大型深海超高压模拟试验装置的研制及应用

The Development and Application of the Large Deep SeaHigh Pressure Simulation Device

深海超高压模拟试验装置是海洋装备与关键技术材料进行压力测试的必要实验系统。传统一体式筒体结构的深海超高压模拟试验装置已经无法满足“全海深”背景下大容积和大压力的测试需求。基于预应力钢丝缠绕技术,研制了一套大型深海超高压模拟试验装置,该套装置筒体内径2.8m,筒深4.0m,最高工作压力180MPa,能够实现筒内环境数据采集及压力比例自动控制。运用该装置圆满完成了我国全海深载人潜水器“奋斗者”号固体浮力材料和载人球壳的压力试验,为2020年11月10日“奋斗者”号在马里亚纳海沟成功下潜10909m奠定了非常重要基础。相对于传统深海超高压模拟试验装置,该装置具有更高的承压性能和安全性能,突破了预应力钢丝缠绕框架式主机结构设计及研制、比例加卸压控制技术、大孔径密封结构设计及在线超高压检测系统设计等关键技术研究,为我国研制大容积、大压力的深海环境模拟技术与装备提供重要参考。

The deep sea high pressure simulation test device is a necessary experimental system for pressure testing of marine equipment and key technical materials.The traditional deep sea pressure simulation equipment with integrated cylinder structure has been unable to meet the testing requirements of large volume and high pressure under the background of"Full Ocean Depth".Based on the pre-stressed steel wire-winding technology,a set of large deep sea pressure simulation test device was developed.The device cylinder has a diameter of 2.8m,a depth of 4.0m and a maximum working pressure of 180MPa,which can realize the acquisition of internal environmental data and pressure proportional control.The device was used to successfully complete pressure tests on solid buoyancy materials and manned spherical shell of China′s full ocean depth manned submersible"FEN DOU ZHE",laying a very important foundation for its successful dive to 10,909meters in the Mariana Trench on November 10,2020.Compared with the traditional deep sea high pressure simulation test device,the device has higher pressure bearing performance and safety performance,and breaks through the research of key technologies such as the structural design and development of the prestressed steel wire-winding frame-type host structure,the control technology of proportional loading-unloading pressure,the design of large aperture sealing structure and the design of online high pressure testing system.It provides reference for the development of China’s large volume and high pressure deep-sea environment simulation technology and equipment.