2018—2022年临汾市围生儿出生缺陷变化趋势分析

Trend analysis of birth defects among perinatal infants in Linfen,January 2018 to December 2022

目的分析临汾市2018—2022年围生儿出生缺陷例数及发生率变化趋势,为有针对性地制定出生缺陷预防措施提供依据。方法通过临汾市妇幼保健综合管理平台,收集2018年1月至2022年12月覆盖临汾市17个县市的51家医疗监测机构中178235例围生儿信息,回顾性分析围生儿出生缺陷例数及发生率变化趋势。结果2018—2022年围生儿出生缺陷例数从276例/年下降到199例/年,平均增长速度为-7.82%,发生率波动在(56.8/万)~(69.5/万)。列前5位的缺陷类型为多指(趾)、先天性心脏病、外耳畸形、并指和唇裂/腭裂。城镇/乡村、男婴/女婴围生儿出生缺陷例数平均增长速度分别为-3.31%、-10.18%、-6.64%、-8.69%。2018—2022年城镇围生儿出生缺陷发生率存在线性变化趋势(χ^(2)_(trend)=5.870,P=0.015)。男婴出生缺陷发生率(73.57/万)高于女婴(54.08/万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.649,RR=1.36,P<0.001)。结论临汾市2018—2022年围生儿出生缺陷人数呈下降趋势,其中乡村出生缺陷人数下降速度快于城镇,但总体发生率仍略高于城镇;城镇围生儿出生缺陷率呈明显上升趋势。需进一步关注农村出生缺陷防控,并加强城镇出生缺陷变化趋势的监测。

Objective Analyse the trend of birth defects among perinatal infants from 2018 to 2022 in Linfen,to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of the birth defects.Methods From January 2018 to December 2022,the surveillance data of perinatal birth defects were collected from 51 monitoring institutions in Linfen.A total of 178235 perinatal were included.The trends of number and incidence of perinatal birth defects were retrospective analysis.Results The number of birth defects among perinatal infants was downtrend from 276 in 2018 to 199 in 2022,and the overall average growth rate was‒7.82%.The prevalence fluctuated between 56.8/10000 and 69.5/10000.The top five major birth defects were polydactyly,congenital heart disease,other deformities of the outer ear,symphysodactylia,and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.The average growth rate of birth defects in urban/rural and male/female were‒3.31%,‒10.18%,‒6.64%,and‒8.69%,receptively.There was a linear trend in the incidence of birth defects in urban perinatal from 2018 to 2022(χ^(2)_(trend)=5.870,P=0.015).The incidence of birth defects in male(73.57/10000)was significantly higher than that in female(54.08/10000)(χ^(2)=26.649,RR=1.36,P<0.001).Conclusion From January 2018 to December 2022,the birth defects among perinatal infants showed a decreasing trend in Linfen.The decrease rate of birth defects among perinatal infants in rural was more quickly than in urban,and the female was faster than male.The incidence of birth defects in urban perinatal showed an obvious upward trend.Further attention should be paid to the prevention and control of birth defects in key groups such as rural areas perinatal infants,and strengthen the monitoring of urban birth defects change trends.