思辨实在论视角下人工智能道德主体问题浅析

Artificial Intelligence as Moral Agents from a Speculative Realism Perspective

人工智能技术作为一种新兴的物被运用于社会生活之中,人类与人工智能的交互不可避免地引发诸多伦理问题。就人工智能是否是一个道德主体这一问题,传统伦理学给出了一种相关主义范式的否定答案,人工智能的道德主体地位在相关主义范式的传统伦理学中不成立。但是,相关主义范式的传统伦理学理路实际上是一种“种族独断论”,这一种族独断论排除了人工智能的伦理可能性,同时陷入了把握客观事实的无力状态。以思辨实在论为导向的现代科技伦理学为人工智能的道德主体合法性开辟了一条道路,并呼吁建立一种新型的“物的伦理学”。

Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology is used in social life as an emerging object,and the interaction between human beings and AI inevitably raises many ethical issues.On the question of whether AI is a moral agent,traditional ethics gives a negative answer of the correlationist paradigm,and the moral agents status of AI is not established in the traditional ethics of the correlationist paradigm.However,the traditional ethical reasoning of the correlationist paradigm is actually a kind of"racial solipsism",which excludes the ethical possibility of AI,and at the same time falls into a state of powerlessness in grasping the objective facts.Modern science and technology ethics,oriented towards speculative realism,opens the way to the legitimacy of the moral subject of AI and calls for a new kind of"ethics of object".