青海湖温跃层特征及其影响因素研究

Study on Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Qinghai Lake Thermocline

2021年6月、8月、9月在青海湖布设监测垂线,连续垂向监测水深和水温,计算青海湖热力分层参数,分析青海湖温跃层时空变化特征及主要影响因素。结果表明:青海湖水体水温时空分布存在明显差异,垂直剖面平均水温8月>9月>6月,垂向温差8月最大;水体垂直剖面均出现明显的温跃层,近岸浅水区无分层现象,水温垂直方向呈现正温分布;温跃层深度从6月到9月逐渐增大,8月温跃层厚度最大,强度最高,9月温跃层厚度变薄,强度变小;监测期间温跃层深度与透明度呈正相关(r=0.801),与表层水温为负相关关系(r=-0.162),透明度和表层水温是影响湖泊温跃层的重要因素。

In June,August and September 2021,the monitoring perpendiculars were set up in Qinghai Lake,water depth and temperature were continuously monitored vertically,thermal stratification parameters were calculated,temporal and spatial variation characteristics and main influencing factors of Qinghai Lake thermocline were analyzed.The results showed that there were obvious differences in spatial and temporal distribution of water temperature in Qinghai Lake.The average water temperature in the vertical profile was the highest in August and the lowest in June,and the vertical temperature difference was the greatest in August.There was obvious thermocline in the vertical profile of the water body.There was no stratification in coastal shallow water.The vertical distribution of water temperature showed a positive temperature distribution.The depth of the thermocline gradually increased from June to September.The thickness and intensity of the thermocline were the highest in August,while decreased in September.During the monitoring period,the depth of the thermocline was positively correlated with transparency(r=0.801)and negatively correlated with surface water temperature(r=-0.162).Transparency and surface water temperature were important factors affecting lake thermocline.