甲午战争中日海军舰炮弹药技术优劣研究

A Research on the Technological Advantages and Disadvantages in Naval Cannon Ammunition Between Japan and China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

在事关中日国运的甲午战争黄海大东沟海域遭遇战中,北洋海军的舰炮架退炮偏多,速射炮偏少,且弹药技术落后,使用黑火药填充、使用黑火药钝化成的栗色药发射。日本海军大量装备英国阿摩斯壮式速射炮,并使用威力更大的混装爆裂药和黑火药的炮弹,舰炮主弹为填装苦味酸爆裂药、带有引信的穿甲弹,使用无烟药发射。海军装备技术决定国运的兴衰,中日海军舰炮弹药技术代差明显,日本海军装备胜出一筹并在海战中起到制胜作用。黄海海战结束后,北洋舰队屡战屡败而最终覆灭,晚清也失去了制海权。

In the Dadong Gulf of the Yellow Sea,the place of the decisive engagement of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895,the Beiyang Fleet faced several disadvantages.Its naval guns had a higher number of recoil guns and a lower number of quick-firing guns.Moreover,black powder and black powder-dulled chestnut-colored propellant were found to be used for firing.In contrast,the Japanese Navy was heavily equipped with British Armstrong quick-firing guns and used shells filled with a mixture of explosive and black powder,with their propellant also being smokeless.The main ammunition for Japanese naval guns with a caliber of 10 cm or more were almost entirely adjusted to be armor-piercing shells filled with picric acid explosives,fitted with fuses and smokeless powder.The technological disparity in naval equipment and ammunition between the Chinese and Japanese navies was evident,with the Japanese Navy′s equipment being superior and playing a decisive role in the naval battle.Following the Battle of the Yellow Sea,the Beiyang Fleet suffered a series of defeats and ultimately met its demise,leading to the loss of sea control for the late Qing Dynasty.